Obstet Gynecol Sci.  2017 Jan;60(1):53-62. 10.5468/ogs.2017.60.1.53.

Effects of vitamin D deficiency and daily calcium intake on bone mineral density and osteoporosis in Korean postmenopausal woman

• Chon SJ
• Koh YK
• Heo JY
• Lee J
• Kim MK
• Yun BH
• Lee BS
• Seo SK

• KMID: 2383208
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5468/ogs.2017.60.1.53

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
We evaluated the combined effects of vitamin D and daily calcium intake on bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis in Korean postmenopausal women.
METHODS
This study is a cross-sectional study consisting of 1,921 Korean postmenopausal women aged 45 to 70 years without thyroid dysfunction, from the 2008-2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants were classified into six groups according to serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and daily calcium intake. BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at femur and at lumbar spine, and the serum vitamin D levels were measured by radioimmunoassay.
RESULTS
The BMD divided according to serum 25(OH)D and daily calcium intakes were not statistically different among the groups. However, when both daily calcium intake and serum 25(OH)D were not sufficient, risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis showed significant increase in both femur neck and lumbar spine (odds ratio [OR] 2.242, P=0.006; OR 3.044, P=0.001; respectively). Although daily calcium intake was sufficient, risks of osteopenia and osteoporosis significantly increased in lumbar spine group if serum 25(OH)D is <20 ng/mL (OR 2.993, P=0.006).
CONCLUSION
The combined effects of insufficient daily calcium intake and vitamin D deficiency may cause low BMD and increase in prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in Korean postmenopausal women aged 45 to 70 years.

Keyword

Bone density; Calcium intake; Menopause; Osteoporosis; Vitamin D

MeSH Terms

Absorptiometry, Photon
Bone Density*
Bone Diseases, Metabolic
Calcium*
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Femur
Femur Neck
Humans
Menopause
Nutrition Surveys
Osteoporosis*
Prevalence
Radioimmunoassay
Spine
Thyroid Gland
Vitamin D Deficiency*
Vitamin D*
Vitamins*
Calcium
Vitamin D
Vitamins

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Differences in bone mineral density (BMD) of femur neck and lumbar spine (subgroup analysis according to daily calcium [Ca] intake). (A) Femur neck and (B) lumbar spine. 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D.

• 

  Fig. 2 Differences in bone mineral density (BMD) of femur neck and lumbar spine (subgroup analysis according to serum vitamin D levels). (A) Femur neck and (B) lumbar spine. Ca, calcium; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D.

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