Korean J Intern Med.  2016 Jan;31(1):98-105. 10.3904/kjim.2016.31.1.98.

Relationship between metabolic syndrome and thyroid nodules in healthy Koreans

• Shin J
• Kim MH
• Yoon KH
• Kang MI
• Cha BY
• Lim DJ

• KMID: 2373778
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3904/kjim.2016.31.1.98

Abstract

BACKGROUND/AIMS
This study evaluated the relationship between thyroid nodules and metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components in apparently healthy Koreans.
METHODS
We reviewed the records of 3,298 subjects with no noticeable symptoms who underwent thyroid ultrasound imaging as part of a routine check-up between July 2009 and June 2010; of these, 1,308 were excluded based upon predefined criteria. Among the remaining 1,990 patients, we examined the association between MS and its components and the incidence of thyroid nodules.
RESULTS
Of the 1,990 subjects included in this study, 38.4% (n = 764) had thyroid nodules and 12.7% (n = 253) had MS. Female sex, older age, higher body mass index, larger waist circumference, higher glycated hemoglobin level, lower thyroid stimulating hormone level, and presence of MS were all closely related with the presence of thyroid nodules (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, the relevant number of MS components showed a positive linear correlation with the occurrence of thyroid nodules (p < 0.001). Evidence of MS alone was not independently associated with thyroid nodules after adjusting for sex and age in a multivariate binary logistic regression analysis; however, glycated hemoglobin for females and waist circumference for males, as well as both age and thyroid stimulating hormone for all patients, were identified as independent predictors for the existence of thyroid nodules (all p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
This study suggests a positive relationship between the components of MS and thyroid nodules in an ostensibly healthy Korean population. Our data support the idea that the recent increase in thyroid nodules is partly due to increases in both MS and obesity.

Keyword

Thyroid nodule; Metabolic syndrome; Obesity

MeSH Terms

Adult
Biomarkers/blood
Body Mass Index
Chi-Square Distribution
Cross-Sectional Studies
Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis/epidemiology
Female
Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated/analysis
Humans
Incidence
Linear Models
Logistic Models
Male
Metabolic Syndrome X/blood/diagnosis/*epidemiology
Middle Aged
Multivariate Analysis
Obesity/diagnosis/epidemiology
Odds Ratio
Republic of Korea/epidemiology
Retrospective Studies
Risk Factors
Thyroid Nodule/blood/diagnostic imaging/*epidemiology
Thyrotropin/blood
Waist Circumference
Biomarkers
Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated
Thyrotropin