J Korean Med Sci.  2008 Apr;23(2):288-295. 10.3346/jkms.2008.23.2.288.

Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) Augments Acute Lung Injury via Its Neutrophil Priming Effects

• Choi JC
• Jung JW
• Kwak HW
• Song JH
• Jeon EJ
• Shin JW
• Park IW
• Choi BW
• Kim JY

• KMID: 1713463
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2008.23.2.288

Abstract

Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has immuno-stimulatory effects. We hypothesized that GM-CSF plays an important role both in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and hemorrhage-induced acute lung injury (ALI). We also postulated that GM-CSF augments LPS-induced inflammation by priming neutrophils. ALI was induced in GM-CSF-/- or control C57BL mice either by LPS injection or by hemorrhage. Lung inflammation (by lung expression for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin- 6 (IL-6), and keratinocyte-derived chemokine) and lung injury (by myeloperoxidase and evans blue dye assay) were evaluated after ALI. Incremental doses of LPS (0, 1, 10, and 100 ng/mL) and GM-CSF (0, 1, 10, and 100 ng/mL) were added to bone marrow neutrophils. The expression of TNF-alpha, MIP-2, and IL-1beta was evaluated with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The mRNA expression of three cytokines, and the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF kappa-B) were evaluated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and electropnoretic mobility shift assay, respectively. GM-CSF -/- mice showed decreased neutrophil infiltration, less leakage, and lower expression of cytokines in the lung after LPS or hemorrhage. GM-CSF augmented LPS-induced protein and mRNA expression of TNF-alpha, MIP-2 and IL-1beta, which was mediated by increased intra-nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B. GM-CSF plays an important role in high-dose LPS and hemorrhage-induced ALI, which appears to be mediated by its priming effect on neutrophils.

Keyword

Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; Adult, Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Lipopolysaccharides; Hemorrhage; Neutrophils

MeSH Terms

Animals
Bone Marrow Cells/cytology
Chemokine CXCL2/metabolism
Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism/*physiology
Interleukin-1beta/metabolism
Lipopolysaccharides/metabolism
Lung/metabolism/pathology
*Lung Injury
Male
Mice
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Mice, Transgenic
Neutrophils/*cytology/metabolism
Peroxidase/metabolism
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism