Nutr Res Pract.  2011 Jun;5(3):266-274.

Nutritional intake of Korean population before and after adjusting for within-individual variations: 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey Data

• Kim DW
• Shim JE
• Paik HY
• Song WO
• Joung H

Abstract

Accurate assessment of nutrient adequacy of a population should be based on usual intake distribution of that population. This study was conducted to adjust usual nutrient intake distributions of a single 24-hour recall in 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Surveys (KNHNS) in order to determine the magnitude of limitations inherent to a single 24-hour recall in assessing nutrient intakes of a population. Of 9,960 individuals who provided one 24-hour recall in 2001 KNHNS, 3,976 subjects provided an additional one-day 24-hour recall in 2002 Korean National Nutrition Survey by Season (KNNSS). To adjust for usual intake distribution, we estimated within-individual variations derived from 2001 KNHNS and 2002 KNNSS using the Iowa State University method. Nutritionally at risk population was assessed in reference to the Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs). The Korean Estimated Average Requirement (Korean EAR) cut-point was applied to estimate the prevalence of inadequate nutrient intakes except for iron intakes, which were assessed using the probability approach. The estimated proportions below Korean EAR for calcium, riboflavin, and iron were 73%, 41%, and 24% from usual intake distribution and 70%, 51%, and 39% from one-day intake distribution, respectively. The estimated proportion of sodium intakes over the Intake Goal of 2,000 mg/day was 100% of the population after adjustment. The energy proportion from protein was within Korean Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (Korean AMDR), whereas that of carbohydrate was higher than the upper limit and that of fat was below the lower limit in the subjects aged 30 years or older. According to these results, the prevalence of nutritional inadequacy and excess intake is over-estimated in Korea unless usual intake distributions are adjusted for one-day intakes of most nutrients.

Keyword

Dietary assessment; DRIs (Dietary Reference Intakes); usual intake; within-individual variation

MeSH Terms

Aged
Calcium
Ear
Humans
Iowa
Iron
Korea
Nutrition Surveys
Prevalence
Riboflavin
Seasons
Sodium
Calcium
Iron
Riboflavin
Sodium

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Rotating sampling scheme to collect two 24-hour recall data from a subset population: 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey, PSUs: Primary sampling units

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  Fig. 2 Comparison between one 24-hour recall (solid line) and adjusted daily intakes (dashed line) using the ISU method to estimate adequacy of vitamin C and sodium intakes in Korean adults (> 20 years old): 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey. Sodium Intake Goal: < 2,000 mg/day

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