Ann Dermatol.  2014 Feb;26(1):11-16. 10.5021/ad.2014.26.1.11.

Cigarette Smoke-Induced Interleukin-1 Alpha May Be Involved in the Pathogenesis of Adult Acne

• Yang YS
• Lim HK
• Hong KK
• Shin MK
• Lee JW
• Lee SW
• Kim NI

• KMID: 2265692
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5021/ad.2014.26.1.11

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Lipid peroxide (LPO) in comedones, which are produced as a result of sebum oxidation, might potentially induce interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha) and exacerbate comedogenesis and inflammatory changes in comedones.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the relationship of proinflammatory cytokines and LPO levels in the extracts of comedones with the acne of clinical difference between smokers and non-smokers, and with the severity and distribution of the acne lesions.
METHODS
Twenty-two non-smoking and 21 smoking adult acne patients were evaluated by comedone extraction and measurement of proinflammatory cytokines and LPO levels. Acne severity and distribution of the lesions were also analyzed.
RESULTS
Relative to the non-smoking group, smokers had significantly higher levels of IL-1alpha and LPO in comedones. Their levels showed a positive correlation. However, there were no statistically significant difference between the severity or distribution of the disease and the levels of LPO and IL-1alpha in comedones.
CONCLUSION
Smoking may be involved in the pathogenesis of adult acne by increasing the oxidative stress that results in subsequent accumulation of LPO in comedones.

Keyword

Adult acne; Comedone; Lipid peroxide; Oxidative stress; Smoking

MeSH Terms

Acne Vulgaris*
Adult*
Cytokines
Humans
Interleukin-1*
Interleukin-1alpha*
Oxidative Stress
Sebum
Smoke
Smoking
Tobacco Products*
Cytokines
Interleukin-1
Interleukin-1alpha
Smoke

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 The levels of interleukin (IL)-1α (A) and lipid peroxide (LPO) (B) in the content of comedones displayed statistically significant differences between non-smokers and smokers. TBA: thiobarbituric acid. *Statistically significant, p<0.05.

• 

  Fig. 2 The levels of interleukin (IL)-1α (A) and lipid peroxide (LPO) (B) in the content of comedones displayed no statistically significant differences between former smokers and current smokers. TBA: thiobarbituric acid.

• 

  Fig. 3 Comparison of interleukin (IL)-1α (A) and lipid peroxide (LPO) (B) levels concerning the content of comedones. No significant differences were evident among the six Korean acne grading system (KAGS) groups. *Classification according to the standard of KAGS. TBA: thiobarbituric acid.

• 

  Fig. 4 No statistically significant difference is observed in the comparison result of the quantity of interleukin (IL)-1α (A) and lipid peroxide (LPO) (B) in the content of comedones among the groups divided according to distribution of lesions. TBA: thiobarbituric acid.

• 

  Fig. 5 The levels of interleukin (IL)-1α and lipid peroxide (LPO) are positively correlated (Pearson's correlation coefficient=0.251; p<0.05). TBA: thiobarbituric acid.

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