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Anatomy acts concerning body and organ donations across the globe: past, present and future with a special emphasis on the indian scenario

Susai S, Chandrupatla M, Motwani R

From the era of pre-historic times, the ancient Indians and the Greeks highlighted the importance of body and organ donations thereby emphasizing the need for anatomical sciences in medicine through...
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The clinical anatomy of the accessory submandibular gland: a comprehensive review

Yazbeck A, Iwanaga J, Walocha JA, Olewnik , Tubbs RS

An accessory submandibular gland is a rare variation. As such, there is limited literature regarding the embryology, anatomy, variations, clinical imaging, and pathology of the accessory submandibular gland. In this...
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Untrapped: bilateral hypoplasia of the trapezius muscle

Rounds BR, Rasey MF, Kulesza R

Agenesis or congenital hypoplasia of skeletal muscles occurs infrequently but may occur with specific conditions such as Poland syndrome. The trapezius muscle can vary in the extent of its bony...
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Revealing Joseon period People’s single nucleotide polymorphism associated with lactase gene by ancient DNA analysis of human remains from archaeological sites in Korea

Oh CS, Kim MJ, Kim YS, Min S, Oh KT, Lee SD, Shin DH

Lactase non-persistence (LNP), one of the causes of lactose intolerance, is related to lactase gene associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Since the frequency of LNP varies by ethnic group and...
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Johannes Nathanael Lieberkühn (1711-1756): luminary eighteenth century anatomist and his illuminating discovery of intestinal glands

Ghosh SK

Johannes Nathanael Lieberkühn was a prodigious anatomist whose meticulous experiments and precise detailing helped in comprehending the microscopic anatomy of digestive system during early part of eighteenth century. Notably, his...
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Endothelial cell autophagy in the context of disease development

Marzoog BA

Endothelial cells (EC) are the anatomical boundaries between the intravascular and extravascular space. Damage to ECs is catastrophic and induces endothelial cell dysfunction. The pathogenesis is multifactorial and involves dysregulation...
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An accessory muscle of flexor digitorum profundus with bipennate first lumbrical: a unique variation of clinical significance

Motwani R, Kaliappan A, Chandrupatla M

During the deep dissection of the front of the forearm, an anomalous accessory muscle in relation to the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) muscle was observed in the right forearm. The...
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Vascular anatomy and their variations in Situs inversus totalis using postmortem computed tomographic angiography

Zangpo D, Nakane H, Iino M

Studies describing the vascular systems and their variations in Situs inversus totalis (SIT) from a whole-body computed tomographic (CT) angiography perspective are lacking. We report a case of SIT in...
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Concomitant variations of the tibialis anterior, and extensor hallucis longus, and extensor hallucis brevis muscles

Patel J, Dupont G, Katsuta J, Iwanaga J, Olewnik , Shane Tubbs R

Tibialis anterior (TA) muscle originates from the lateral surface of tibia and its tendon attaches to the medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal. The TA muscle is responsible...
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Genetic heterogeneity of liver cancer stem cells

Kim M, Jo KW, Kim H, Han ME, Oh SO

Cancer cell heterogeneity is a serious problem in the control of tumor progression because it can cause chemoresistance and metastasis. Heterogeneity can be generated by various mechanisms, including genetic evolution...
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Morphometric evaluation of great vein of Galen and its clinical implications

S GS, K A, Veeramani R, V DK, Krishnan N

The Galenic venous system plays a vital role in the drainage of blood from deeper parts of the brain. This venous system is contributed by many major veins. These veins...
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Distally-extending muscle fibers across involved joints: study of long muscles and tendons of wrist and ankle in late-term fetuses and adult cadavers

Wang S, Hayashi S, Jin ZW, Kim JH, Yamamoto M, Murakami G, Abe S

It is unclear whether forearm and crural muscle fibers extend distally across the wrist and ankle joints, respectively. We hypothesized, in late-term fetuses, an over-production of muscle bellies extending over the...
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Morphological analysis and morphometry of the occipital condyle and its relationship to the foramen magnum, jugular foramen, and hypoglossal canal: implications for craniovertebral junction surgery

Thintharua P, Chentanez V

Anatomical knowledge of the occipital condyle (OC) and its relationships to surrounding structures is important for avoiding injury during craniovertebral junction (CVJ) surgeries. This study was conducted to evaluate the...
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A modified trans-anconeus approach to facilitate fixation of a posterior radial head fracture: a cadaveric feasibility study

Desouky AM, Atiyya AN, Elbishbishi M, El Sawy MM

Fixation of radial head fracture with minimally invasive posterior approach remains a significant challenge. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of trans-anconeus posterior elbow approach and...
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Convolutional neural network of age-related trends digital radiographs of medial clavicle in a Thai population: a preliminary study

Kengkard P, Choovuthayakorn J, Mahakkanukrauh C, Chitapanarux N, Intasuwan P, Malatong Y, Sinthubua A, Palee P, Lampang SN, Mahakkanukrauh P

Age at death estimation has always been a crucial yet challenging part of identification process in forensic field. The use of human skeletons have long been explored using the principle...
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Multiple renal veins clogging the hilum of the right kidney

Nayak SB, Pamidi N, Packirisamy V, Vasudeva SK

Knowledge of variations of renal vessels is of utmost importance in retroperitoneal surgeries and kidney transplant surgeries. We report concurrent variations of the right renal vessels, observed in an adult...
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Silymarin attenuates escitalopram (cipralex) induced pancreatic injury in adult male albino rats: a biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical approach

Salama RM, Tayel SG

Depression is a prevalent global problem since ages, predominately treated with SSRI. Cipralex, is an antidepressant of the SSRIs class used as a remedy for mood, depression and anxiety. Silymarin...
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Boophone disticha attenuates five day repeated forced swim-induced stress and adult hippocampal neurogenesis impairment in male Balb/c mice

Khuthazelani Xhakaza N, Nkomozepi P, Mbajiorgu EF

Depression is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders and is associated with dysfunction of the neuroendocrine system and alterations in specific brain proteins. Boophone disticha (BD) is an indigenous...
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The ameliorating role of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir on thioacetamide-induced kidney injury in adult albino rats

Moustafa AH, Pasha HF, Abas MA, Aboregela AM

Thioacetamide (TAA) exposure and hepatitis C virus infection are usually associated with renal dysfunction. Sofosbuvir (SFV) and daclatasvir (DAC) drugs combination has great value in the treatment of hepatitis C. The...
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