Diabetes Metab J.  2019 Dec;43(6):733-743. 10.4093/dmj.2019.0177.

Diabetes and Cancer: Cancer Should Be Screened in Routine Diabetes Assessment

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
  • 2Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea. kwkim@gilhospital.com

Abstract

Cancer incidence appears to be increased in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). DM represents a risk factor for cancer, particularly hepatocellular, hepatobiliary, pancreas, breast, ovarian, endometrial, and gastrointestinal cancers. In addition, there is evidence showing that DM is associated with increased cancer mortality. Common risk factors such as age, obesity, physical inactivity and smoking may contribute to increased cancer risk in patients with DM. Although the mechanistic process that may link diabetes to cancer is not completely understood yet, biological mechanisms linking DM and cancer are hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, increased bioactivity of insulin-like growth factor 1, oxidative stress, dysregulations of sex hormones, and chronic inflammation. However, cancer screening rate is significantly lower in people with DM than that in people without diabetes. Evidence from previous studies suggests that some medications used to treat DM are associated with either increased or reduced risk of cancer. However, there is no strong evidence supporting the association between the use of anti-hyperglycemic medication and specific cancer. In conclusion, all patients with DM should be undergo recommended age- and sex appropriate cancer screenings to promote primary prevention and early detection. Furthermore, cancer should be screened in routine diabetes assessment.

Keyword

Diabetes mellitus; Mass screening; Neoplasms

MeSH Terms

Breast
Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Early Detection of Cancer
Gastrointestinal Neoplasms
Gonadal Steroid Hormones
Humans
Hyperglycemia
Hyperinsulinism
Incidence
Inflammation
Mass Screening
Mortality
Obesity
Oxidative Stress
Pancreas
Primary Prevention
Risk Factors
Smoke
Smoking
Gonadal Steroid Hormones
Smoke

Cited by  4 articles

Obesity, Diabetes, and Increased Cancer Progression
Dae-Seok Kim, Philipp E. Scherer
Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(6):799-812.    doi: 10.4093/dmj.2021.0077.

Improvement in Age at Mortality and Changes in Causes of Death in the Population with Diabetes: An Analysis of Data from the Korean National Health Insurance and Statistical Information Service, 2006 to 2018
Eugene Han, Sun Ok Song, Hye Soon Kim, Kang Ju Son, Sun Ha Jee, Bong-Soo Cha, Byung-Wan Lee
Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(3):466-474.    doi: 10.3803/EnM.2022.1440.

Extra-Glycemic Effects of Anti-Diabetic Medications: Two Birds with One Stone?
Eun-Jung Rhee
Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(3):415-429.    doi: 10.3803/EnM.2022.304.

The Characteristics and Risk of Mortality in the Elderly Korean Population
Sunghwan Suh
Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(5):522-524.    doi: 10.3803/EnM.2023.502.


Reference

1. GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2018; 392:1789–1858. PMID: 30496104.
2. Cho NH, Shaw JE, Karuranga S, Huang Y, da Rocha Fernandes JD, Ohlrogge AW, Malanda B. IDF Diabetes Atlas: global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2018; 138:271–281. PMID: 29496507.
Article
3. Sacerdote C, Ricceri F. Epidemiological dimensions of the association between type 2 diabetes and cancer: a review of observational studies. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2018; 143:369–377. PMID: 29596949.
Article
4. GBD 2017 Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2018; 392:1736–1788. PMID: 30496103.
5. Lim D, Ha M, Song I. Trends in major cancer mortality in Korea, 1983-2012, with a joinpoint analysis. Cancer Epidemiol. 2015; 39:939–946. PMID: 26523983.
Article
6. Jung KW, Won YJ, Kong HJ, Lee ES. Community of Population-Based Regional Cancer Registries. Cancer statistics in Korea: incidence, mortality, survival, and prevalence in 2015. Cancer Res Treat. 2018; 50:303–316. PMID: 29566481.
Article
7. Kang YM, Kim YJ, Park JY, Lee WJ, Jung CH. Mortality and causes of death in a national sample of type 2 diabetic patients in Korea from 2002 to 2013. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2016; 15:131. PMID: 27618811.
Article
8. Gordon-Dseagu VL, Shelton N, Mindell J. Diabetes mellitus and mortality from all-causes, cancer, cardiovascular and respiratory disease: evidence from the Health Survey for England and Scottish Health Survey cohorts. J Diabetes Complications. 2014; 28:791–797. PMID: 25104237.
Article
9. Greenwood M, Wood F. The relation between the cancer and diabetes death-rates. J Hyg (Lond). 1914; 14:83–118. PMID: 20474569.
Article
10. Tsilidis KK, Kasimis JC, Lopez DS, Ntzani EE, Ioannidis JP. Type 2 diabetes and cancer: umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies. BMJ. 2015; 350:g7607. PMID: 25555821.
Article
11. Shlomai G, Neel B, LeRoith D, Gallagher EJ. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer: the role of pharmacotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 2016; 34:4261–4269. PMID: 27903154.
Article
12. Wu L, Zhu J, Prokop LJ, Murad MH. Pharmacologic therapy of diabetes and overall cancer risk and mortality: a meta-analysis of 265 studies. Sci Rep. 2015; 5:10147. PMID: 26076034.
Article
13. Suh S, Kim KW. Diabetes and cancer: is diabetes causally related to cancer? Diabetes Metab J. 2011; 35:193–198. PMID: 21785737.
Article
14. Cignarelli A, Genchi VA, Caruso I, Natalicchio A, Perrini S, Laviola L, Giorgino F. Diabetes and cancer: pathophysiological fundamentals of a ‘dangerous affair’. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2018; 143:378–388. PMID: 29679627.
Article
15. Noto H, Tsujimoto T, Noda M. Significantly increased risk of cancer in diabetes mellitus patients: a meta-analysis of epidemiological evidence in Asians and non-Asians. J Diabetes Investig. 2012; 3:24–33.
Article
16. Carstensen B, Read SH, Friis S, Sund R, Keskimaki I, Svensson AM, Ljung R, Wild SH, Kerssens JJ, Harding JL, Magliano DJ, Gudbjornsdottir S. Diabetes and Cancer Research Consortium. Cancer incidence in persons with type 1 diabetes: a five-country study of 9,000 cancers in type 1 diabetic individuals. Diabetologia. 2016; 59:980–988. PMID: 26924393.
Article
17. Huang Y, Cai X, Qiu M, Chen P, Tang H, Hu Y, Huang Y. Prediabetes and the risk of cancer: a meta-analysis. Diabetologia. 2014; 57:2261–2269. PMID: 25208757.
Article
18. Coughlin SS, Calle EE, Teras LR, Petrelli J, Thun MJ. Diabetes mellitus as a predictor of cancer mortality in a large cohort of US adults. Am J Epidemiol. 2004; 159:1160–1167. PMID: 15191933.
Article
19. Tancredi M, Rosengren A, Svensson AM, Kosiborod M, Pivodic A, Gudbjornsdottir S, Wedel H, Clements M, Dahlqvist S, Lind M. Excess mortality among persons with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2015; 373:1720–1732. PMID: 26510021.
Article
20. Kim KJ, Kwon TY, Yu S, Seo JA, Kim NH, Choi KM, Baik SH, Choi DS, Kim SG, Park Y, Kim NH. Ten-year mortality trends for adults with and without diabetes mellitus in South Korea, 2003 to 2013. Diabetes Metab J. 2018; 42:394–401. PMID: 29885109.
Article
21. Renehan AG, Yeh HC, Johnson JA, Wild SH, Gale EA, Moller H. Diabetes and Cancer Research Consortium. Diabetes and cancer (2): evaluating the impact of diabetes on mortality in patients with cancer. Diabetologia. 2012; 55:1619–1632. PMID: 22476948.
Article
22. Li S, Wang J, Zhang B, Li X, Liu Y. Diabetes mellitus and cause-specific mortality: a population-based study. Diabetes Metab J. 2019; 43:319–341. PMID: 31210036.
Article
23. Barone BB, Yeh HC, Snyder CF, Peairs KS, Stein KB, Derr RL, Wolff AC, Brancati FL. Long-term all-cause mortality in cancer patients with preexisting diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2008; 300:2754–2764. PMID: 19088353.
24. Chen Y, Wu F, Saito E, Lin Y, Song M, Luu HN, Gupta PC, Sawada N, Tamakoshi A, Shu XO, Koh WP, Xiang YB, Tomata Y, Sugiyama K, Park SK, Matsuo K, Nagata C, Sugawara Y, Qiao YL, You SL, Wang R, Shin MH, Pan WH, Pednekar MS, Tsugane S, Cai H, Yuan JM, Gao YT, Tsuji I, Kanemura S, Ito H, Wada K, Ahn YO, Yoo KY, Ahsan H, Chia KS, Boffetta P, Zheng W, Inoue M, Kang D, Potter JD. Association between type 2 diabetes and risk of cancer mortality: a pooled analysis of over 771,000 individuals in the Asia Cohort Consortium. Diabetologia. 2017; 60:1022–1032. PMID: 28265721.
Article
25. Harding JL, Shaw JE, Peeters A, Cartensen B, Magliano DJ. Cancer risk among people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: disentangling true associations, detection bias, and reverse causation. Diabetes Care. 2015; 38:264–270. PMID: 25488912.
Article
26. van de Poll-Franse LV, Houterman S, Janssen-Heijnen ML, Dercksen MW, Coebergh JW, Haak HR. Less aggressive treatment and worse overall survival in cancer patients with diabetes: a large population based analysis. Int J Cancer. 2007; 120:1986–1992. PMID: 17230509.
Article
27. Ko C, Chaudhry S. The need for a multidisciplinary approach to cancer care. J Surg Res. 2002; 105:53–57. PMID: 12069502.
Article
28. Giovannucci E, Harlan DM, Archer MC, Bergenstal RM, Gapstur SM, Habel LA, Pollak M, Regensteiner JG, Yee D. Diabetes and cancer: a consensus report. Diabetes Care. 2010; 33:1674–1685. PMID: 20587728.
Article
29. Pearson-Stuttard J, Zhou B, Kontis V, Bentham J, Gunter MJ, Ezzati M. Worldwide burden of cancer attributable to diabetes and high body-mass index: a comparative risk assessment. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018; 6:e6–e15.
Article
30. Lim SS, Vos T, Flaxman AD, Danaei G, Shibuya K, Adair-Rohani H, Amann M, Anderson HR, Andrews KG, Aryee M, Atkinson C, Bacchus LJ, Bahalim AN, Balakrishnan K, Balmes J, Barker-Collo S, Baxter A, Bell ML, Blore JD, Blyth F, Bonner C, Borges G, Bourne R, Boussinesq M, Brauer M, Brooks P, Bruce NG, Brunekreef B, Bryan-Hancock C, Bucello C, Buchbinder R, Bull F, Burnett RT, Byers TE, Calabria B, Carapetis J, Carnahan E, Chafe Z, Charlson F, Chen H, Chen JS, Cheng AT, Child JC, Cohen A, Colson KE, Cowie BC, Darby S, Darling S, Davis A, Degenhardt L, Dentener F, Des Jarlais DC, Devries K, Dherani M, Ding EL, Dorsey ER, Driscoll T, Edmond K, Ali SE, Engell RE, Erwin PJ, Fahimi S, Falder G, Farzadfar F, Ferrari A, Finucane MM, Flaxman S, Fowkes FG, Freedman G, Freeman MK, Gakidou E, Ghosh S, Giovannucci E, Gmel G, Graham K, Grainger R, Grant B, Gunnell D, Gutierrez HR, Hall W, Hoek HW, Hogan A, Hosgood HD 3rd, Hoy D, Hu H, Hubbell BJ, Hutchings SJ, Ibeanusi SE, Jacklyn GL, Jasrasaria R, Jonas JB, Kan H, Kanis JA, Kassebaum N, Kawakami N, Khang YH, Khatibzadeh S, Khoo JP, Kok C, Laden F, Lalloo R, Lan Q, Lathlean T, Leasher JL, Leigh J, Li Y, Lin JK, Lipshultz SE, London S, Lozano R, Lu Y, Mak J, Malekzadeh R, Mallinger L, Marcenes W, March L, Marks R, Martin R, McGale P, McGrath J, Mehta S, Mensah GA, Merriman TR, Micha R, Michaud C, Mishra V, Mohd Hanafiah K, Mokdad AA, Morawska L, Mozaffarian D, Murphy T, Naghavi M, Neal B, Nelson PK, Nolla JM, Norman R, Olives C, Omer SB, Orchard J, Osborne R, Ostro B, Page A, Pandey KD, Parry CD, Passmore E, Patra J, Pearce N, Pelizzari PM, Petzold M, Phillips MR, Pope D, Pope CA 3rd, Powles J, Rao M, Razavi H, Rehfuess EA, Rehm JT, Ritz B, Rivara FP, Roberts T, Robinson C, Rodriguez-Portales JA, Romieu I, Room R, Rosenfeld LC, Roy A, Rushton L, Salomon JA, Sampson U, Sanchez-Riera L, Sanman E, Sapkota A, Seedat S, Shi P, Shield K, Shivakoti R, Singh GM, Sleet DA, Smith E, Smith KR, Stapelberg NJ, Steenland K, Stockl H, Stovner LJ, Straif K, Straney L, Thurston GD, Tran JH, Van Dingenen R, van Donkelaar A, Veerman JL, Vijayakumar L, Weintraub R, Weissman MM, White RA, Whiteford H, Wiersma ST, Wilkinson JD, Williams HC, Williams W, Wilson N, Woolf AD, Yip P, Zielinski JM, Lopez AD, Murray CJ, Ezzati M, AlMazroa MA, Memish ZA. A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2012; 380:2224–2260. PMID: 23245609.
Article
31. Noto H. Unfolding link between diabetes and cancer. J Diabetes Investig. 2018; 9:473–474.
Article
32. Ryu TY, Park J, Scherer PE. Hyperglycemia as a risk factor for cancer progression. Diabetes Metab J. 2014; 38:330–336. PMID: 25349819.
Article
33. Hua F, Yu JJ, Hu ZW. Diabetes and cancer, common threads and missing links. Cancer Lett. 2016; 374:54–61. PMID: 26879686.
Article
34. Barclay AW, Petocz P, McMillan-Price J, Flood VM, Prvan T, Mitchell P, Brand-Miller JC. Glycemic index, glycemic load, and chronic disease risk: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008; 87:627–637. PMID: 18326601.
35. Kang YM, Kim F, Lee WJ. Role of NO/VASP signaling pathway against obesity-related inflammation and insulin resistance. Diabetes Metab J. 2017; 41:89–95. PMID: 28447436.
Article
36. Anothaisintawee T, Wiratkapun C, Lerdsitthichai P, Kasamesup V, Wongwaisayawan S, Srinakarin J, Hirunpat S, Woodtichartpreecha P, Boonlikit S, Teerawattananon Y, Thakkinstian A. Risk factors of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2013; 25:368–387. PMID: 23709491.
37. Calle EE, Kaaks R. Overweight, obesity and cancer: epidemiological evidence and proposed mechanisms. Nat Rev Cancer. 2004; 4:579–591. PMID: 15286738.
Article
38. Ricart W, Fernandez-Real JM. No decrease in free IGF-I with increasing insulin in obesity-related insulin resistance. Obes Res. 2001; 9:631–636. PMID: 11595780.
Article
39. Terzolo M, Reimondo G, Berchialla P, Ferrante E, Malchiodi E, De Marinis L, Pivonello R, Grottoli S, Losa M, Cannavo S, Ferone D, Montini M, Bondanelli M, De Menis E, Martini C, Puxeddu E, Velardo A, Peri A, Faustini-Fustini M, Tita P, Pigliaru F, Peraga G, Borretta G, Scaroni C, Bazzoni N, Bianchi A, Berton A, Serban AL, Baldelli R, Fatti LM, Colao A, Arosio M. Italian Study Group of Acromegaly. Acromegaly is associated with increased cancer risk: a survey in Italy. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2017; 24:495–504. PMID: 28710115.
Article
40. Kyrgiou M, Kalliala I, Markozannes G, Gunter MJ, Paraskevaidis E, Gabra H, Martin-Hirsch P, Tsilidis KK. Adiposity and cancer at major anatomical sites: umbrella review of the literature. BMJ. 2017; 356:j477. PMID: 28246088.
Article
41. Byers T, Sedjo RL. Body fatness as a cause of cancer: epidemiologic clues to biologic mechanisms. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2015; 22:R125–R134. PMID: 25870250.
Article
42. Arnold M, Pandeya N, Byrnes G, Renehan PAG, Stevens GA, Ezzati PM, Ferlay J, Miranda JJ, Romieu I, Dikshit R, Forman D, Soerjomataram I. Global burden of cancer attributable to high body-mass index in 2012: a population-based study. Lancet Oncol. 2015; 16:36–46. PMID: 25467404.
Article
43. Xu J, Ye Y, Wu H, Duerksen-Hughes P, Zhang H, Li P, Huang J, Yang J, Wu Y, Xia D. Association between markers of glucose metabolism and risk of colorectal cancer. BMJ Open. 2016; 6:e011430.
Article
44. Yu F, Guo Y, Wang H, Feng J, Jin Z, Chen Q, Liu Y, He J. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and risk of colorectal adenoma: a meta-analysis of observational studies. BMC Cancer. 2016; 16:642. PMID: 27535548.
Article
45. Suh S, Kang M, Kim MY, Chung HS, Kim SK, Hur KY, Kim JH, Lee MS, Lee MK, Kim KW. Korean type 2 diabetes patients have multiple adenomatous polyps compared to non-diabetic controls. J Korean Med Sci. 2011; 26:1196–1200. PMID: 21935276.
Article
46. Tang H, Dai Q, Shi W, Zhai S, Song Y, Han J. SGLT2 inhibitors and risk of cancer in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetologia. 2017; 60:1862–1872. PMID: 28725912.
47. Ptaszynska A, Cohen SM, Messing EM, Reilly TP, Johnsson E, Johnsson K. Assessing bladder cancer risk in type 2 diabetes clinical trials: the dapagliflozin drug development program as a ‘case study’. Diabetes Ther. 2015; 6:357–375. PMID: 26323372.
Article
48. Overbeek JA, Bakker M, van der Heijden AAWA, van Herk-Sukel MPP, Herings RMC, Nijpels G. Risk of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors on site-specific cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2018; 34:e3004. PMID: 29573125.
Article
49. Romera I, Cebrian-Cuenca A, Alvarez-Guisasola F, Gomez-Peralta F, Reviriego J. A review of practical issues on the use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for the management of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Ther. 2019; 10:5–19. PMID: 30506340.
Article
50. Monami M, Nreu B, Scatena A, Cresci B, Andreozzi F, Sesti G, Mannucci E. Safety issues with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer and cholelithiasis): data from randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2017; 19:1233–1241. PMID: 28244632.
51. Pinto LC, Rados DV, Barkan SS, Leitao CB, Gross JL. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, pancreatic cancer and acute pancreatitis: a meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis. Sci Rep. 2018; 8:782. PMID: 29335646.
Article
52. Zhang Z, Chen X, Lu P, Zhang J, Xu Y, He W, Li M, Zhang S, Jia J, Shao S, Xie J, Yang Y, Yu X. Incretin-based agents in type 2 diabetic patients at cardiovascular risk: compare the effect of GLP-1 agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors on cardiovascular and pancreatic outcomes. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2017; 16:31. PMID: 28249585.
Article
53. Tseng CH, Lee KY, Tseng FH. An updated review on cancer risk associated with incretin mimetics and enhancers. J Environ Sci Health C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev. 2015; 33:67–124. PMID: 25803196.
Article
54. American Diabetes Association. 9. Pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment: standards of medical care in diabetes. 2019. Diabetes Care. 2019; 42(Suppl 1):S90–S102. PMID: 30559235.
55. Monami M, Dicembrini I, Mannucci E. Thiazolidinediones and cancer: results of a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Acta Diabetol. 2014; 51:91–101. PMID: 23851465.
Article
56. Kulke MH, Demetri GD, Sharpless NE, Ryan DP, Shivdasani R, Clark JS, Spiegelman BM, Kim H, Mayer RJ, Fuchs CS. A phase II study of troglitazone, an activator of the PPARgamma receptor, in patients with chemotherapy-resistant metastatic colorectal cancer. Cancer J. 2002; 8:395–399. PMID: 12416897.
57. Burstein HJ, Demetri GD, Mueller E, Sarraf P, Spiegelman BM, Winer EP. Use of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma ligand troglitazone as treatment for refractory breast cancer: a phase II study. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2003; 79:391–397. PMID: 12846423.
58. Yee LD, Williams N, Wen P, Young DC, Lester J, Johnson MV, Farrar WB, Walker MJ, Povoski SP, Suster S, Eng C. Pilot study of rosiglitazone therapy in women with breast cancer: effects of short-term therapy on tumor tissue and serum markers. Clin Cancer Res. 2007; 13:246–252. PMID: 17200362.
Article
59. Dormandy JA, Charbonnel B, Eckland DJ, Erdmann E, Massi-Benedetti M, Moules IK, Skene AM, Tan MH, Lefèbvre PJ, Murray GD, Standl E, Wilcox RG, Wilhelmsen L, Betteridge J, Birkeland K, Golay A, Heine RJ, Koranyi L, Laakso M, Mokan M, Norkus A, Pirags V, Podar T, Scheen A, Scherbaum W, Schernthaner G, Schmitz O, Skrha J, Smith U, Taton J. PROactive Investigators. Secondary prevention of macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes in the PROactive Study (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events): a randomized controlled trial. Lancet. 2005; 366:1279–1289. PMID: 16214598.
60. Ryder RE. Pioglitazone has a dubious bladder cancer risk but an undoubted cardiovascular benefit. Diabet Med. 2015; 32:305–313. PMID: 25472014.
Article
61. Jin SM, Song SO, Jung CH, Chang JS, Suh S, Kang SM, Jung I, Park CY, Kim JH, Cho JH, Lee BW. Risk of bladder cancer among patients with diabetes treated with a 15 mg pioglitazone dose in Korea: a multi-center retrospective cohort study. J Korean Med Sci. 2014; 29:238–242. PMID: 24550651.
Article
62. Lewis JD, Habel LA, Quesenberry CP, Strom BL, Peng T, Hedderson MM, Ehrlich SF, Mamtani R, Bilker W, Vaughn DJ, Nessel L, Van Den Eeden SK, Ferrara A. Pioglitazone use and risk of bladder cancer and other common cancers in persons with diabetes. JAMA. 2015; 314:265–277. PMID: 26197187.
Article
63. Mehtälä J, Khanfir H, Bennett D, Ye Y, Korhonen P, Hoti F. Pioglitazone use and risk of bladder cancer: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Diabetol Int. 2018; 10:24–36. PMID: 30800561.
Article
64. Badrick E, Renehan AG. Diabetes and cancer: 5 years into the recent controversy. Eur J Cancer. 2014; 50:2119–2125. PMID: 24930060.
65. Thakkar B, Aronis KN, Vamvini MT, Shields K, Mantzoros CS. Metformin and sulfonylureas in relation to cancer risk in type II diabetes patients: a meta-analysis using primary data of published studies. Metabolism. 2013; 62:922–934. PMID: 23419783.
Article
66. Chen L, Chubak J, Boudreau DM, Barlow WE, Weiss NS, Li CI. Diabetes treatments and risks of adverse breast cancer outcomes among early-stage breast cancer patients: a SEER-medicare analysis. Cancer Res. 2017; 77:6033–6041. PMID: 28935814.
Article
67. Pasello G, Urso L, Conte P, Favaretto A. Effects of sulfonylureas on tumor growth: a review of the literature. Oncologist. 2013; 18:1118–1125. PMID: 24043597.
Article
68. Gandini S, Puntoni M, Heckman-Stoddard BM, Dunn BK, Ford L, DeCensi A, Szabo E. Metformin and cancer risk and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis taking into account biases and confounders. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2014; 7:867–885. PMID: 24985407.
Article
69. Heckman-Stoddard BM, DeCensi A, Sahasrabuddhe VV, Ford LG. Repurposing metformin for the prevention of cancer and cancer recurrence. Diabetologia. 2017; 60:1639–1647. PMID: 28776080.
Article
70. Liu X, Chhipa RR, Pooya S, Wortman M, Yachyshin S, Chow LM, Kumar A, Zhou X, Sun Y, Quinn B, McPherson C, Warnick RE, Kendler A, Giri S, Poels J, Norga K, Viollet B, Grabowski GA, Dasgupta B. Discrete mechanisms of mTOR and cell cycle regulation by AMPK agonists independent of AMPK. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014; 111:E435–E444. PMID: 24474794.
Article
71. Pollak M. Overcoming drug development bottlenecks with repurposing: repurposing biguanides to target energy metabolism for cancer treatment. Nat Med. 2014; 20:591–593. PMID: 24901568.
Article
72. Sciacca L, Cassarino MF, Genua M, Pandini G, Le Moli R, Squatrito S, Vigneri R. Insulin analogues differently activate insulin receptor isoforms and post-receptor signalling. Diabetologia. 2010; 53:1743–1753. PMID: 20424816.
Article
73. Renehan AG. Insulin analogues and cancer risk: the emergence of second-generation studies? Diabetologia. 2012; 55:7–9. PMID: 22033621.
Article
74. ORIGIN Trial Investigators. Gerstein HC, Bosch J, Dagenais GR, Diaz R, Jung H, Maggioni AP, Pogue J, Probstfield J, Ramachandran A, Riddle MC, Ryden LE, Yusuf S. Basal insulin and cardiovascular and other outcomes in dysglycemia. N Engl J Med. 2012; 367:319–328. PMID: 22686416.
Article
75. ORIGIN Trial Investigators. Cardiovascular and other outcomes postintervention with insulin glargine and omega-3 fatty acids (ORIGINALE). Diabetes Care. 2016; 39:709–716. PMID: 26681720.
76. Starup-Linde J, Karlstad O, Eriksen SA, Vestergaard P, Bronsveld HK, de Vries F, Andersen M, Auvinen A, Haukka J, Hjellvik V, Bazelier MT, Boer Ad, Furu K, De Bruin ML. CARING (CAncer Risk and INsulin analoGues): the association of diabetes mellitus and cancer risk with focus on possible determinants. A systematic review and a meta-analysis. Curr Drug Saf. 2013; 8:296–332. PMID: 24215312.
77. Sommerfeld MR, Muller G, Tschank G, Seipke G, Habermann P, Kurrle R, Tennagels N. In vitro metabolic and mitogenic signaling of insulin glargine and its metabolites. PLoS One. 2010; 5:e9540. PMID: 20209060.
Article
78. American Diabetes Association. 4. Comprehensive medical evaluation and assessment of comorbidities: standards of medical care in diabetes. 2019. Diabetes Care. 2019; 42(Suppl 1):S34–S45. PMID: 30559230.
79. Lee JH, Kim SA, Park HY, Lee KH, Lee KT, Lee JK, Bae JC, Kim KW. New-onset diabetes patients need pancreatic cancer screening. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2012; 46:e58–e61. PMID: 22138846.
Article
80. Suh M, Choi KS, Park B, Lee YY, Jun JK, Lee DH, Kim Y. Trends in cancer screening rates among Korean men and women: results of the Korean National Cancer Screening Survey, 2004-2013. Cancer Res Treat. 2016; 48:1–10. PMID: 25943324.
Article
81. Chuck KW, Hwang M, Choi KS, Suh M, Jun JK, Park B. Cancer screening rate in people with diabetes in the Korean population: results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2009. Epidemiol Health. 2017; 39:e2017036. PMID: 28793755.
Article
82. Lipscombe LL, Hux JE, Booth GL. Reduced screening mammography among women with diabetes. Arch Intern Med. 2005; 165:2090–2095. PMID: 16216998.
Article
83. McBean AM, Yu X. The underuse of screening services among elderly women with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2007; 30:1466–1472. PMID: 17351285.
Article
Full Text Links
  • DMJ
Actions
Cited
CITED
export Copy
Close
Share
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
Similar articles
Copyright © 2024 by Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. All rights reserved.     E-mail: koreamed@kamje.or.kr