Nutr Res Pract.  2014 Dec;8(6):705-712. 10.4162/nrp.2014.8.6.705.

Relationship between adhering to dietary guidelines and the risk of obesity in Korean children

• Yu SH
• Song Y
• Park M
• Kim SH
• Shin S
• Joung H

• KMID: 2313798
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2014.8.6.705

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES
Dietary guidelines for Korean children were released in 2009. The goal of the present study was to examine diet quality in terms of adherence to these dietary guidelines as well as explore the association between guideline adherence and risk of obesity in Korean children.
SUBJECTS/METHODS
Children aged 5-11 years (mean age = 8.9 years old, n = 191, 80.6% girls) were recruited from a university hospital in Seoul, Korea. Adherence to dietary guidelines for Korean children was calculated using the Likert scale (1-5), and children were then categorized into low, moderate, and high groups based on adherence scores. Obesity or being overweight was determined based on an age- and gender- specific percentile for body mass index (BMI) of the 2007 Korean National Growth Charts. Diet quality was evaluated from 3 days of dietary intake data.
RESULTS
Children in the high adherence group were characterized by significantly lower BMI percentiles and paternal BMIs as well as higher percentages of fathers with a high level of education and higher household incomes compared to those in the low or moderate group. Children in the high adherence group consumed significantly higher amounts of milk and dairy products, were less likely to consume lower than the EAR of phosphorus and iron, and had higher NARs for calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, and MAR than those in low groups. The ORs for obesity (BMI > or = 95th percentile) or being overweight including obesity (BMI > or = 85th percentile) were significantly lower in the high adherence group compared to the low adherence group (OR: 0.33, 95% CI = 0.13-0.82, P for trend = 0.019; OR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.11-0.61 P for trend = 0.002).
CONCLUSIONS
Korean children who adhered to dietary guidelines displayed better diet quality and a reduced risk of obesity.

Keyword

Children; obesity; adherence; dietary guidelines; Korean

MeSH Terms

Body Mass Index
Calcium
Child*
Dairy Products
Diet
Ear
Education
Family Characteristics
Fathers
Growth Charts
Guideline Adherence
Humans
Iron
Korea
Milk
Nutrition Policy*
Obesity*
Overweight
Phosphorus
Seoul
Zinc
Calcium
Iron
Phosphorus
Zinc

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