Nutr Res Pract.  2010 Jun;4(3):196-202.

Neuroprotective effects of consuming bovine colostrum after focal brain ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat model

• Choi HS
• Ko YG
• Lee JS
• Kwon OY
• Kim SK
• Cheong C
• Jang KH
• Kang SA

Abstract

To investigate the neuroprotective effects of bovine colostrums (BC), we evaluate the ability of consuming BC after focal brain ischemia/reperfusion injury rat model to reduce serum cytokine levels and infarct volume, and improve neurological outcome. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups; one sham operation and three experimental groups. In the experimental groups, MCA occlusion (2 h) and subsequent reperfusion (O/R) were induced with regional cerebral blood flow monitoring. One hour after MCAO/R and once daily during the experiment, the experimental group received BC while the other groups received 0.9% saline or low fat milk (LFM) orally. Seven days later, serum pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) levels were assessed. Also, the infarct volume was assessed by using a computerized image analysis system. Behavioral function was also assessed using a modified neurologic severity score and corner turn test during the experiment. Rats receiving BC after focal brain I/R showed a significant reduction (-26%/-22%) in infarct volume compared to LFM/saline rats, respectively (P < 0.05). Serum IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha levels were decreased significantly in rats receiving BC compared to LFM/saline rats (P < 0.05). In behavioral tests, daily BC intake showed consistent and significant improvement of neurological deficits for 7 days after MCAO/R. BC ingestion after focal brain ischemia/reperfusion injury may prevent brain injury by reducing serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and brain infarct volume in a rat model.

Keyword

Focal brain ischemia/reperfusion; bovine colostrum; cytokines; neuroprotection

MeSH Terms

Animals
Brain
Brain Injuries
Colostrum
Cytokines
Eating
Interleukin-6
Milk
Neuroprotective Agents
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Reperfusion
Salicylamides
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Cytokines
Interleukin-6
Neuroprotective Agents
Salicylamides
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Representative changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) during MCAO/R among saline (SAG), low fat milk (LFMG), and bovine colostrum groups (BCG). The rCBF decreased similarly in SAG, LFMG, and BCG during MCAO and increased similarly in all groups after MCAR (P > 0.05, n = 8 to 12). Values are mean ± SEM ; n = 8 to 12.

• 

  Fig. 2 Effects of treatment with saline, LFM, and BC on brain infarct volume in rats. (A) Representative photographs of TTC staining 7 days after MCAO/R. Infarct volume in sham operation (SHG), saline (SAG), low fat milk (LFMG), and bovine colostrum groups (BCG). (B) Brain infarct volume in BCG was smaller than SAG and LFMG. Values are mean ± SEM ; n = 8 to 12 (*P < 0.001 vs SAG; †P < 0.01 vs LFMG).

• 

  Fig. 3 Cytokine responses following MCAO/R injury. Serum levels of (A) TNF-α, (B) IL-1β, (C) IL-6, and (D) IL-10 in each rat group were measured from blood samples withdrawn 7 days after MCAO/R. Serum cytokine levels in the sham operation (SHG), saline (SAG), low fat milk (LFMG), and bovine colostrum groups (BCG). Values are mean ± SEM ; n = 8 to 12 (*P < 0.01, **P < 0.005, ***P < 0.001 vs SHG; †P < 0.05, ††P < 0.01 vs SAG; ‡P < 0.05, ‡‡P < 0.01 vs LFMG).

• 

  Fig. 4 Behavioral function tests. Neurological deficit was evaluated in the sham operation (SHG), saline (SAG), low fat milk (LFMG), and bovine colostrum groups (BCG) just before and 1, 3, and 7 days after MCAO/R using modified neurological severity scores (mNSS) graded on a 0 to 18 scale (0, no neurologic deficit; 18, maximal deficit) (A) and corner turn test (B). Values are mean ± SEM ; n = 8 to 12 (*P < 0.01, **P < 0.005 vs SAG; †P < 0.05, ††P < 0.01 vs LFMG).

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