Korean J Nutr.  2012 Apr;45(2):127-139. 10.4163/kjn.2012.45.2.127.

Effect of an abdominal obesity management program on dietary intake, stress index, and waist to hip ratio in abdominally obese women: Focus on comparison of the WHR decrease and WHR increase groups

• Lee JW
• Yoo SY
• Yang SY
• Kim H
• Cho SK

• KMID: 2268662
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2012.45.2.127

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of an abdominal obesity management program on dietary intake, stress index, and waist to hip ratio (WHR) in abdominally obese women. The subjects were 195 adult abdominally obese women (WHR > or = 0.80) who had been participating in a nutrition education (total of nine times) and dietary habits and life style modification programs (total of six times) for 12 weeks. The abdominal obesity management program focused on the nutrition provided by breakfast, lunch, and dinner, proper dietary habits, and practices to improve life style. The subjects were divided into a WHR decrease group and a WHR increase group according to changes in the WHR. Daily nutrient intake was assessed with a 3-day food record, body measurements and blood vessel age, stress index, and a health index that were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks. After the intervention, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, WHR, and body mass index (BMI) decreased significantly in the WHR decrease group. Energy intake increased from 1486.2 kcal to 1541.4 kcal with a significant improvement in nutrient density for animal protein, total fat, animal fat, fiber, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, vitamin B6, vitamin C, vitamin E, and saturated fatty acids in the WHR decrease group. Additionally, dietary diversity increased significantly in the WHR decrease group compared to that in the WHR increase group. The WHR decrease group showed a significant improvement in the stress and health indices. Changes in WHR were correlated with changes in nutrient intake (animal protein, total fat, animal fat, plant fat, fiber, calcium, iron, potassium, vitamin A, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin C, and folate) and medical index profiles (stress and indices) adjusted for age, birth status, baseline BMI, and baseline WHR. These results show that an abdominal obesity management program was effective not only for reducing the WHR but also to improve dietary intake and the stress index in abdominally obese women.

Keyword

abdominal obesity management; dietary intakes; stress index; waist hip ratio; abdominal obese women

MeSH Terms

Adult
Animals
Ascorbic Acid
Blood Vessels
Body Mass Index
Breakfast
Calcium
Energy Intake
Fatty Acids
Female
Food Habits
Glycosaminoglycans
Hip
Humans
Iron
Life Style
Lunch
Meals
Obesity, Abdominal
Parturition
Phosphorus
Plants
Potassium
Riboflavin
Vitamin A
Vitamin B 6
Vitamin E
Vitamins
Waist Circumference
Waist-Hip Ratio
Zinc
Ascorbic Acid
Calcium
Fatty Acids
Glycosaminoglycans
Iron
Phosphorus
Potassium
Riboflavin
Vitamin A
Vitamin B 6
Vitamin E
Vitamins
Zinc

Reference

1). Azadbakht L, Esmaillzadeh A. Dietary diversity score is related to obesity and abdominal adiposity among Iranian female youth. Public Health Nutr. 2011; 14(1):62–69.

2). Al-Rethaiaa AS, Fahmy AE, Al-Shwaiyat NM. Obesity and eating habits among college students in Saudi Arabia: a cross sectional study. Nutr J. 2010; 9:39.

3). Baek YA, Kim KN, Lee YA, Chang N. The effect of nutrition education on visceral fat reduction and diet quality in postmenopausal women. Korean J Nutr. 2008; 41(7):634–644.

4). Kim HR, Kang YH, Kwak NS, Kang EJ, Kim EJN. Trends in obesity and comprehensive policy strategy to prevent obesity in Korea. Seoul: Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs;2009.

5). Yang SW. The effects of combined exercise program on blood lipids, laptin, and cortisol stress hormone concentration in obesity middle-aged women. J Sport Leis Stud. 2008; 33(2):795–802.

6). Garrow JS. Obesity and related diseases. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. 1988. 12–14.

7). Nam JH. Effect of weight control program on obesity degree and blood lipid levels among middle-aged obese women. Korean J Food Nutr. 2006; 19(1):70–78.

8). Lee KS, Lee J. Effect of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet with aerobic exercise on body composition and blood lipid profiles in obese individuals. Korean J Exerc Nutr. 2010; 14(1):17–21.

9). Jacobs EJ, Newton CC, Wang Y, Patel AV, McCullough ML, Campbell PT, Thun MJ, Gapstur SM. Waist circumference and all-cause mortality in a large US cohort. Arch Intern Med. 2010; 170(15):1293–1301.

10). Klein S, Allison DB, Heymsfield SB, Kelley DE, Leibel RL, Nonas C, Kahn R. Waist circumference and cardiometabolic risk: a consensus statement from shaping America’s health: Association for Weight Management and Obesity Prevention; NA-ASO, the Obesity Society; the American Society for Nutrition; and the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2007; 30(6):1647–1652.

11). Heo YH, Kim EJ, Seo HS, Kim SM, Choi KM, Hwang TG, Cho GJ, Park Y. The effect of 16 week exercise program on abdominal fat, serum lipids, blood glucose, and blood pressure in obese women. Korean J Obes. 2010; 19(1):16–23.

12). Oh IS, Ahn GS, Kang BH. Women’s diet practice by their lifestyles. Rev Ind Manage. 2005; 17(2):87–111.

13). Neovius M, Johansson K, Rössner S. Head-to-head studies evaluating efficacy of pharmaco-therapy for obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2008; 9(5):420–427.

14). Choi MS. Effects of nutrition education and exercise intervention on health and diet quality of middle-aged women. Korean J Nutr. 2009; 42(1):48–58.

15). Wu H, Pan A, Yu Z, Qi Q, Lu L, Zhang G, Yu D, Zong G, Zhou Y, Chen X, Tang L, Feng Y, Zhou H, Li H, Demark-Wahnefried W, Hu FB, Lin X. Lifestyle counseling and supplementation with flaxseed or walnuts influence the management of metabolic syndrome. J Nutr. 2010; 140(11):1937–1942.

16). Keränen AM, Savolainen MJ, Reponen AH, Kujari ML, Linde-man SM, Bloigu RS, Laitinen JH. The effect of eating behavior on weight loss and maintenance during a lifestyle intervention. Prev Med. 2009; 49(1):32–38.

17). Kim YH, Yoo JY, Lee EG, Kim KB, Jo DH, Hwang JY. Effects of a dietary supplement consisting of Phaseolus vulgaris and Garcinia cambogia (HCA) on the lipid level and body weight. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr. 2004; 33(3):518–522.

18). Lee SH, Chang N. Effectiveness of nutrition education on dietary habits and diet quality in the weight loss and weight gain groups in college women. Korean J Nutr. 2007; 40(5):463–474.

19). Jin HM, Kwon JS. The change of physical fitness, percent body fat and waist hip ratio on the elderly people using exercise program in leisure-welfare facility. J Korean Phys Edu Assoc Girls Women. 2010; 24(1):107–118.

20). Friedenreich CM, Woolcott CG, McTiernan A, Terry T, Brant R, Ballard-Barbash R, Irwin ML, Jones CA, Boyd NF, Yaffe MJ, Campbell KL, McNeely ML, Karvinen KH, Courneya KS. Adiposity changes after a 1-year aerobic exercise intervention among postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Obes (Lond). 2011; 35(3):427–435.

21). Ahn HJ, Cho YO, Kwon HR, Ku YH, Koo BK, Han KA, Min KW. The effects of low-calorie diets on abdominal visceral fat, muscle mass, and dietary quality in obese type 2 diabetic subjects. Korean Diabetes J. 2009; 33(6):526–536.

22). Baker S, Jerums G, Proietto J. Effects and clinical potential of very-low-calorie diets (VLCDs) in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2009; 85(3):235–242.

23). Zwiauer KF, Mueller T, Widhalm K. Resting metabolic rate in obese children before, during and after weight loss. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1992; 16(1):11–16.

24). Tounian P, Frelut ML, Parlier G, Abounaufal C, Aymard N, Vein-berg F, Fontaine JL, Girardet JP. Weight loss and changes in energy metabolism in massively obese adolescents. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1999; 23(8):830–837.

25). Lissner L, Odell PM, D’Agostino RB, Stokes J 3rd, Kreger BE, Belanger AJ, Brownell KD. Variability of body weight and health outcomes in the Framingham population. N Engl J Med. 1991; 324(26):1839–1844.

26). Chang UJ, Lim KA, Han YB. Effect of nutrition education on weight control program. Korean J Food Nutr. 1999; 12(2):177–183.

27). Kim MS, Choi MS, Kim KN. Effect of nutritional education and exercise intervention on reducing and maintaining weight in obese women. Korean J Community Nutr. 2007; 12(1):80–89.

28). Kang YH, Yi KO, Ha EH, Kim JY, Kim WY. Evaluation of short term weight control program for female college students. Korean J Nutr. 2004; 37(6):493–501.

29). Park BN, Lee HJ, Park JS. The effects of health management program on BMI, obesity stress, self-esteem and depression in female college students. J Korean Soc Health Inf Health Stat. 2007; 32(2):1–12.

30). Bray GA. Is dietary fat important? Am J Clin Nutr. 2011; 93(3):481–482.

31). Brehm BJ, Seeley RJ, Daniels SR, D’Alessio DA. A randomized trial comparing a very low carbohydrate diet and a calorie-restricted low fat diet on body weight and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003; 88(4):1617–1623.

32). Yoo JS, Kim EJ, Lee SJ. The effects of a comprehensive life style modification program on glycemic control and stress response in type 2 diabetes. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2006; 36(5):751–760.

33). Oh HJ. Obesity and trace mineral. Med Postgrad. 2007; 35(1):25–27.

34). Lim MR, Kang SM. The effect of functional foods on the abdominal obesity. J Cosmetol Sci. 2010; 6(2):95–104.

35). Papakonstantinou E, Flatt WP, Huth PJ, Harris RB. High dietary calcium reduces body fat content, digestibility of fat, and serum vitamin D in rats. Obes Res. 2003; 11(3):387–394.

36). Ock SM, Ju SY, Choi WS, Park HM, Jung KI, Song CJ. Association of sleep hours with obesity in adult women. Korean J Obes. 2008; 17(3):110–116.

37). Tuomilehto H, Peltonen M, Partinen M, Lavigne G, Eriksson JG, Herder C, Aunola S, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Ilanne-Parikka P, Uusitupa M, Tuomilehto J, J Lindström. Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study Group. Sleep duration, lifestyle intervention, and incidence of type 2 diabetes in impaired glucose tolerance: The Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study. Diabetes Care. 2009; 32(11):1965–1971.

38). The Korean Nutrition Society. Dietary reference intakes for Koreans, 1st revision. Seoul. 2010.

39). Lee HS, Lee JW, Chang N, Kim JM. The effect of nutrition education and excercise program on body composition and dietary intakes, blood lipid and physical fitness in obese women. Korean J Nutr. 2009; 42(8):759–769.

40). Moon SJ, Kim HS, Kim JH, Park GS, You YH. The effect of weight control on obese women. Korean J Nutr. 1995; 28(8):759–770.

41). Hong HR, Kang HS, An EN. Relationship of obesity indices with daily physical activity and dietary intake in high school women. Korean J Exerc Nutr. 2007; 11(3):189–197.