Diabetes Metab J.  2013 Oct;37(5):358-364. 10.4093/dmj.2013.37.5.358.

Effect of Treadmill Exercise on Interleukin-15 Expression and Glucose Tolerance in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats

• Kim HJ
• Park JY
• Oh SL
• Kim YA
• So B
• Seong JK
• Song W

• KMID: 1965983
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2013.37.5.358

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Interleukin-15 (IL-15), a well-known myokine, is highly expressed in skeletal muscle and is involved in muscle-fat crosstalk. Recently, a role of skeletal muscle-derived IL-15 in the improvement of glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity has been proposed. However, little is known regarding the influence of endurance training on IL-15 expression in type 2 diabetic skeletal muscles. We investigated the effect of endurance exercise training on glucose tolerance and IL-15 expression in skeletal muscles using type 2 diabetic animal models.
METHODS
Male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) and ZDF lean control (ZLC) rats were randomly divided into three groups: sedentary ZLC, sedentary ZDF (ZDF-Con), and exercised ZDF (ZDF-Ex). The ZDF-Ex rats were forced to run a motor-driven treadmill for 60 minutes once a day 5 times per week for 12 weeks. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) was performed after 12 weeks. Expression of IL-15 was measured using ELISA in extracted soleus (SOL) and gastrocnemius medial muscles.
RESULTS
After 12 weeks of treadmill training, reduction of body weight was observed in ZDF-Ex compared to ZDF-Con rats. Glucose tolerance using IPGTT in diabetic rats was significantly improved in ZDF-Ex rats. Furthermore, the expression of IL-15 was significantly increased (P<0.01) only in the SOL of ZDF-Ex rats compared to ZDF-Con. Additionally, IL-15 expression in SOL muscles was negatively correlated with change of body weight (R=-0.424, P=0.04).
CONCLUSION
The present study results suggest that 12 weeks of progressive endurance training significantly improved glucose tolerance with concomitant increase of IL-15 expression in SOL muscles of type 2 diabetic rats.

Keyword

Exercise; Glucose intolerance; Interleukin-15; Rats, Zucker; Treadmill

MeSH Terms

Animals
Body Weight
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Glucose Intolerance*
Glucose Tolerance Test
Homeostasis
Insulin Resistance
Interleukin-15*
Male
Muscle, Skeletal
Muscles
Rats
Rats, Zucker*
Interleukin-15
Polymethyl Methacrylate

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Effect of 12 weeks of (A) treadmill exercise on body weight and (B) fasting blood glucose concentration. Values are mean±standard error of mean for n=8 in each group. ZLC-Con, sedentary Zucker diabetic fatty lean control; ZDF-Con, sedentary Zucker diabetic fatty; ZDF-Ex, exercised Zucker diabetic fatty. aP<0.05 compared with ZLC-Con group, bP<0.05 compared with ZDF-Con group.

• 

  Fig. 2 Effect of 12 weeks of treadmill exercise on glucose tolerance in diabetic rats. (A) Blood glucose concentration was measured at various time points after dextrose (2 g/kg) treatment. (B) Area under the curve (AUC) of intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was calculated for quantified comparison. Values are mean±standard error of mean for n=8 in each group. ZDF-Con, sedentary Zucker diabetic fatty; ZDF-Ex, exercised Zucker diabetic fatty; ZLC-Con, sedentary Zucker diabetic fatty lean control. aP<0.05 compared with ZLC-Con group, bP<0.05 compared with ZDF-Con group.

• 

  Fig. 3 Effect of 12 weeks of treadmill exercise on expression of interleukin-15 (IL-15) in soleus (SOL) and gastrocnemius medial (GM) muscles. Values are mean±standard error of mean for n=8 in each group. ZLC-Con, sedentary Zucker diabetic fatty lean control; ZDF-Con, sedentary Zucker diabetic fatty; ZDF-Ex, exercised Zucker diabetic fatty. aP<0.05 compared with ZDF-Con group.

• 

  Fig. 4 Association of interleukin-15 (IL-15) expression in soleus (SOL) with body weight and fasting blood glucose levels. Pearson correlation coefficients of IL-15 expression in SOL with (A) body weight and (B) concentration of fasting blood glucose are shown. Pearson correlation coefficients and P values are shown in each graph.

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