J Vet Sci.  2015 Mar;16(1):11-16. 10.4142/jvs.2015.16.1.11.

Treadmill exercise prevents diabetes-induced increases in lipid peroxidation and decreases in Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase levels in the hippocampus of Zucker diabetic fatty rats

• Kim JW
• Chae J
• Nam SM
• Kim YN
• Yoo DY
• Choi JH
• Jung HY
• Song W
• Hwang IK
• Seong JK
• Yoon YS

• KMID: 2160815
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2015.16.1.11

Abstract

In the present study, we investigated the effects of treadmill exercise on lipid peroxidation and Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) levels in the hippocampus of Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats and lean control rats (ZLC) during the onset of diabetes. At 7 weeks of age, ZLC and ZDF rats were either placed on a stationary treadmill or made to run for 1 h/day for 5 consecutive days at 16~22 m/min for 5 weeks. At 12 weeks of age, the ZDF rats had significantly higher blood glucose levels and body weight than the ZLC rats. In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the hippocampus of the ZDF rats were significantly higher than those of the ZLC rats whereas SOD1 levels in the hippocampus of the ZDF rats were moderately decreased. Notably, treadmill exercise prevented the increase of blood glucose levels in ZDF rats. In addition, treadmill exercise significantly ameliorated changes in MDA and SOD1 levels in the hippocampus although SOD activity was not altered. These findings suggest that diabetes increases lipid peroxidation and decreases SOD1 levels, and treadmill exercise can mitigate diabetes-induced oxidative damage in the hippocampus.

Keyword

Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase; hippocampus; lipid peroxidation; treadmill exercise; type 2 diabetes

MeSH Terms

Animals
Diabetes Mellitus/enzymology/*metabolism
Female
Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
Genotype
Hippocampus/*enzymology/metabolism
Lipid Peroxidation/*physiology
Male
Malondialdehyde/metabolism
Physical Conditioning, Animal/*physiology
Rats
Rats, Zucker
Superoxide Dismutase/genetics/*metabolism
Malondialdehyde
Superoxide Dismutase

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Blood glucose levels of the SED-ZLC, EX-ZLC, SED-ZDF, and EX-ZDF rats. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). *A significant difference between the ZLC and ZDF groups was observed (p < 0.05); †A significant difference between the SED and EX groups was observed (p < 0.05; n = eight per group).

• 

  Fig. 2 MDA levels in the hippocampi of SED-ZLC, EX-ZLC, SED-ZDF, and EX-ZDF rats. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. *A significant difference between the ZLC and ZDF groups was observed (p < 0.05).

• 

  Fig. 3 Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) immunoreactivity in the CA1 region of SED-ZLC (A), EX-ZLC (B), SED-ZDF (C), and EX-ZDF (D) rats. SOD1 immunoreactivity was detectable in the neurons of the stratum oriens (SO). Note that SOD1 immunoreactive neurons were observed in the stratum pyramidale (SP) of EX-ZLC and EX-ZDF rats. SR, stratum radiatum. Scale bar = 100 µm. (E) Relative optical densities (ROD) expressed as a percentage of SOD1 in the CA1 region of SED-ZLC, EX-ZLC, SED-ZDF, and EX-ZDF animals. (F) SOD1 activity in brain tissues of all groups. SOD1 levels are expressed as unit/mg of protein in the hippocampal homogenates. Differences among the mean values were analyzed with a two-way analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni's multiple comparison test. The bars represent the mean ± SEM. *A significant difference between the ZLC and ZDF groups was observed (p < 0.05). † A significant difference between the SED and EX groups was observed (p < 0.05; n = four per group).

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