Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol.  2017 Mar;10(1):66-70. 10.21053/ceo.2016.00360.

Does Herpes Virus Reactivation Affect Prognosis in Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss?

• Park SM
• Han C
• Lee JW
• Kong TH
• Seo YJ

• KMID: 2376410
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2016.00360

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Several etiologies have been proposed to underlie idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL), including viral infection, vascular disturbance, and immune-mediated mechanisms. However, none of these mechanisms are conclusive. Should ISSNHL be caused by reactivation of a viral infection, antiviral treatment would be an important option. Thus, in this study, we reported the prognosis according to serologic test results of herpes viruses in patients with ISSNHL. We also evaluated treatment response with acyclovir and corticosteroids versus corticosteroids alone in herpes simplex virus (HSV) seropositive ISSNHL patients.
METHODS
We compared hematologic examinations and the results of audiometry testing in 232 patients with ISSNHL. Statistical analyses for initial hearing impairment, progression of hearing impairment, recovery of hearing loss, and laboratory results were performed in all patients. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software.
RESULTS
The 232 ISSNHL patients were divided into two subgroups according to HSV immunoglobulin M (IgM) serologic results (seropositive or seronegative). When the seropositive group was compared to the seronegative group, age, gender, body mass index (BMI), white blood cell, absolute neutrophil count, absolute monocyte count, and platelet count were not significantly different. Initial hearing level, final recovery hearing level, and recovery time were also not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05). Though there were no significant differences in age, gender, BMI, or viral HSV IgM titer, the two groups had similar initial hearing level, final recovery hearing level, and recovery time. The difference in hearing threshold before and after treatment was larger (18.7±37.1) in the group receiving antiviral medication than in the corticosteroids group (11.0±44.5), but this difference was not significant (P=0.619).
CONCLUSION
There was no significant difference of prognosis between the patients with and without reactivation of HSV. In addition, there seems to be no benefit for the treatment of acyclovir combined with the corticosteroids in the patients with ISSNHL.

Keyword

Sudden Hearing Loss; Prognosis; Herpes Simplex Virus; Reactivation; Acyclovir

MeSH Terms

Acyclovir
Adrenal Cortex Hormones
Audiometry
Body Mass Index
Hearing
Hearing Loss
Hearing Loss, Sensorineural*
Hearing Loss, Sudden
Humans
Immunoglobulin M
Leukocytes
Monocytes
Neutrophils
Platelet Count
Prognosis*
Serologic Tests
Simplexvirus
Acyclovir
Adrenal Cortex Hormones
Immunoglobulin M

Figure

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  Fig. 1. The changes of hearing thresholds after the treatment of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss in seropositive (+) and seronegative (–) groups. There were no significant differences between the groups in initial hearing, final hearing, and gaps of initial-final hearing. PTA, pure tone audiometry; IniPTA, initial PTA; FinPTA, final PTA.

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