Elevated Levels of Soluble E-selectin and P-selectin in Patients with NIDDM

Yoo, Seok Dong; Kim, In Joo; Kim, Yong Ki

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Although there is wide spread agreement that patients with NIDDM are at increased risk of the premature development of atherosclerosis, it is not totally clear why this is so. This may be related to the interaction of blood leukocytes with vascular endothelium resulting from a loss of normal metabolic control. The adherence of leukocytes to the endothelium is at least partly mcdiated by cell adhesion molecules. In this study, we evaluated the level of soluble E-selectin and P-selectin in blood of normal controls and patients with NIDDM, and studied its relation to glycemic control and identifiable factors influencing the level of soluble E-selectin and P-selectin.
METHODS
Serum soluble E-selectin and plasma soluble P-selectin levels were measured by ELISA method in 24 NIDDM patients without macrovascullar disease and 14 normal controls matched with age, sex and body mass index. Clinical characteristics and laboratory findings such as fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c and lipid profile were evaluated, and their relation with the levels of E-selectin and P-selectin was analized. RESULTS: 1) The levels of E-selectin and P-selectin in NIDDM patients were significantly higher than those of normal controls(55.69+21.97 vs. 42.11+13.57ng/ mL, P<0.05 for E-selectin, 41.60+20.90 vs. 27.16 +7.12ng/mL, P 0.01 for P-selectin). 2) The levels of E-selectin and P-selectin were positively correlated with the fasting plasma glucose level(r=0.400 P<0,05 for E-selectin, r=0.456 P<0.01 for P-selectin). They were also positively correlated with the levels of serum triglyceride(r=0.531 P<0.01 for E-selectin, r=0.415 P =0.05 for P-selectin) but not with the levels of serum total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholestrol in NIDDM patients. 3) No significant correlation was noted between the levels of E-selectin or P-selectin and the duration of NIDDM. And the levels were not different according to the type of treatment. 4) E-selectin level, not P-selectin level, was significantly higher in the patients with nephropathy when compared to the patients without nephropathy. But such difference was not noted when the patients were classified according to the presence of retinopathy or neuropathy. 5) E-selectin level was positively correlated with P-selectin level in both NIDDM patients and normal controls(r=0.52, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that endothelial dysfunction, revealed by increased cellular adhesion molecules, could play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic atherosclerotic vascular disorders in NIDDM patients with increased fasting plasma glucose control and hypertriglyceridemia. In addition, elevated soluble E-selectin and P-selectin level in blood might be used as a marker of diabetic nephropathy.