Ann Dermatol.  2014 Dec;26(6):713-721. 10.5021/ad.2014.26.6.713.

Expression Patterns of Gli-1, Pleckstrin Homology-Like Domain, Family A, Member 1, Transforming Growth Factor-beta1/beta2, and p63 in Sebaceous and Follicular Tumors

• Jeon SY
• Kim DC
• Song KH
• Kim KH

• KMID: 2264866
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5021/ad.2014.26.6.713

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Certain epidermal appendage tumors, including hyperplasias (hamartomas), adenomas, benign epitheliomas, primordial epitheliomas, and malignant tumors, can exhibit any stage of differentiation. Several molecules associated with tumorigenesis, such as Gli-1, pleckstrin homology-like domain, family A, member 1 (PHLDA-1), transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, TGF-beta2, and p63, are associated with tumor grade and aggressive behavior in follicular and sebaceous tumors in ways that are not well understood.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to elucidate the expression of Gli-1, PHLDA-1, TGF-beta1/beta2, and p63 in benign and malignant tumors of the hair and sebaceous glands and to determine their importance in the degree of tumor differentiation.
METHODS
Immunohistochemistry was performed in follicular and sebaceous tumors using antibodies against Gli-1 (sebaceous tumor marker), PHLDA-1 (hair follicle outer root sheath [ORS] cell marker), p63, TGF-beta1, and TGF-beta2.
RESULTS
Gli-1 was expressed in basaloid cells, sebocytes, and sebaceous carcinoma cells, and expression levels decreased as differentiation progressed. PHLDA-1 was expressed in ORS cells and some follicular tumor cells. Expression of p63 was observed in the nuclei of the outermost basaloid cells (seboblasts), poorly differentiated sebaceous carcinoma cells, and tumor cells toward the direction of the hair. Remarkably, TGF-beta1 was expressed exclusively in the nuclei of benign and malignant follicular (hair) tumors, but not in sebaceous tumors, at levels that correlated with the degree of differentiation.
CONCLUSION
We propose that p63 and/or TGF-beta1 are useful for predicting the degree of differentiation and malignant potential of sebaceous and follicular tumors and for distinguishing trichilemmal carcinoma from sebaceous carcinoma.

Keyword

Follicular tumor; Gli-1; p63; PHLDA-1; Sebaceous tumor; Transforming growth factor-beta1

MeSH Terms

Adenoma
Antibodies
Carcinogenesis
Carcinoma
Hair
Humans
Hyperplasia
Immunohistochemistry
Sebaceous Glands
Transforming Growth Factor beta1
Transforming Growth Factor beta2
Transforming Growth Factors
Antibodies
Transforming Growth Factor beta1
Transforming Growth Factor beta2
Transforming Growth Factors

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and Gli-1 and p63 immunohistochemistry in sebaceous neoplasms. (A, D, G) H&E, (B, E, H) Gli-1, (C, F, I) p63, (J, K) positive controls, and (L, M) negative controls.

• 

  Fig. 2 Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stains and pleckstrin homology-like domain, family A, member 1 (PHLDA-1) and p63 immunohistochemistry infollicular neoplasms. (A, D, G) H&E, (B, E, H) PHLDA-1, (C, F, I) p63, (J) positive control, and (K) negative control.

• 

  Fig. 3 Transforming growth factor-β1 immunohistochemistry in sebaceous and follicular tumors. (A~C) Sebaceous tumors, (E~G) follicular tumors, (D) positive control, and (H) negative control.

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  Fig. 4 Transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) immunohistochemistry insebaceous and follicular tumors. (A~C) Sebaceous tumors, (E~G) follicular tumors, (D) positive control, and (H) negative control. Arrows: TGF-β2 expression.

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