Infect Chemother.  2009 Feb;41(1):9-19. 10.3947/ic.2009.41.1.9.

Characteristics of Cytomegalovirus Diseases among Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients : A 10-year Experience at an University Hospital in Korea

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea. fire@catholic.ac.kr

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Studies on cytomegalovirus (CMV) diseases in Korean hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients are lacking and do not reflect the recent trends of advances and changes. Therefore, we tried to analyze the clinical features of CMV diseases in HSCT recipients over the past 10 years at a tertiary university hospital in Korea.
METHODS
Retrospective review of medical records was done for all adult HSCT patients who received transplant at the Catholic HSCT Center from January 1998 to January 2008.
RESULTS
Forty-four cases (2.2%) of CMV diseases were identified. CMV pneumonia was diagnosed in 17 patients, retinitis in 16 patients, enterocolitis in 7 patients, esophagitis 1 patient, gastritis in 1 patient, duodenitis in 1 patient, and hepatitis in 1 patient. The median onset of symptom was 90 days after transplantation. Late CMV diseases accounted for 47.7%. CMV related death varied from 0 to 58.8% according to the involved organ. CMV retinitis was diagnosed relatively later in the course of transplantation mostly in patients who had chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD). On the contrary, CMV enterocolitis mainly occurred in patients who suffered from acute GVHD. The overall concurrent CMV reactivation was documented to be 63.6%; the concurrent CMV reactivation was observed only in 37.5% of patients with retinitis.
CONCLUSIONS
We observed some differences in the pattern of CMV disease manifestation according to the involved organ and reconfirmed the fact that CMV pneumonia is the most common and fatal disease in HSCT recipients. Additionally, CMV retinitis was not uncommon in HSCT recipients. Since specific marker does not exist in predicting retinitis, regular ocular examination should be done thoroughly, especially in patients with chronic GVHD.

Keyword

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Cytomegalovirus; Pneumonia; Retinitis; Enterocolitis

MeSH Terms

Adult
Cytomegalovirus
Duodenitis
Enterocolitis
Esophagitis
Gastritis
Graft vs Host Disease
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Hepatitis
Humans
Korea
Medical Records
Pneumonia
Retinitis
Retrospective Studies
Transplants

Figure

  • Figure 1 Prevalence of CMV diseases in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients according to transplant year (A). Trend of occurrence of CMV disease according to involved organ in stem cell transplant recipients including autologus transplantation (B). *Two patients who had CMV diseases involving more than two sites, were classified into the retinitis.


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