Cancer Res Treat.  2009 Sep;41(3):117-121.

Immunomodulation of Breast Cancer via Tumor Antigen Specific Th1

Affiliations
  • 1Tumor Vaccine Group, Center for Translational Medicine in Women's Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. ndisis@u.washington.edu
  • 2Division of Oncology/ Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.

Abstract

It has long been assumed that the immune system plays a role in tumor eradication, however, scant clinical evidence exists to support that hypothesis. In recent years, as the immune system and its specific effector cells are better defined, convincing data supporting immune surveillance is emerging. Several studies have shown that an "immune signature" in the tumor microenvironment is associated with a superior outcome in a variety of cancer types. Moreover, studies have suggested that T cells found in high density within the tumor parenchyma are also correlated with a survival benefit. The type of adaptive immune response implicated in improved cancer outcomes is a type 1 response. That is, adaptive immunity associated with T cells that secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IFN-gamma, which can not only support a proliferative antigen specific T cell response but also enhance "cross priming" by activating antigen presenting cells local to the tumor site. There are many methods available that will allow the development of clinical reagents designed to stimulate Th1 immunity; either by in vitro or in vivo manipulation. Clinical trials of a variety of immunotherapeutic strategies indicate that the generation of tumor antigen specific Th1 may be beneficial in inhibiting the growth of common solid tumors.

Keyword

CD4 T cell; T helper 1; Cancer vaccine; Adoptive T cell therapy; Breast neoplasms

MeSH Terms

Adaptive Immunity
Antigen-Presenting Cells
Breast
Breast Neoplasms
Cytokines
Immune System
Immunomodulation
Indicators and Reagents
T-Lymphocytes
Tumor Microenvironment
Cytokines
Indicators and Reagents

Reference

1. Coussens LM, Werb Z. Inflammation and cancer. Nature. 2002; 420:860–867. PMID: 12490959.
Article
2. Banchereau J, Palucka AK. Dendritic cells as therapeutic vaccines against cancer. Nat Rev Immunol. 2005; 5:296–306. PMID: 15803149.
Article
3. AUA. American Urologic Association Annual Meeting. 2009. 4.
4. Schuster S, Neelapu S, Gause B. Idiotype vaccine therapy (BiovaxID) in follicular lymphoma in first complete remission: phase III clinical trial results. J Clin Oncol. 2009; 27(Suppl 18):abstr 2.
Article
5. Galon J, Costes A, Sanchez-Cabo F, Kirilovsky A, Mlecnik B, Lagorce-Pages C, et al. Type, density, and location of immune cells within human colorectal tumors predict clinical outcome. Science. 2006; 313:1960–1964. PMID: 17008531.
Article
6. Kreike B, van Kouwenhove M, Horlings H, Weigelt B, Peterse H, Bartelink H, et al. Gene expression profiling and histopathological characterization of triple-negative/basal-like breast carcinomas. Breast Cancer Res. 2007; 9:R65. PMID: 17910759.
Article
7. Roepman P, Jassem J, Smit EF, Muley T, Niklinski J, van de Velde T, et al. An immune response enriched 72-gene prognostic profile for early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2009; 15:284–290. PMID: 19118056.
Article
8. Zhang L, Conejo-Garcia JR, Katsaros D, Gimotty PA, Massobrio M, Regnani G, et al. Intratumoral T cells, recurrence, and survival in epithelial ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003; 348:203–213. PMID: 12529460.
Article
9. Cohen PA, Peng L, Plautz GE, Kim JA, Weng DE, Shu S. CD4+ T cells in adoptive immunotherapy and the indirect mechanism of tumor rejection. Crit Rev Immunol. 2000; 20:17–56. PMID: 10770269.
10. Vanderlugt CL, Miller SD. Epitope spreading in immune-mediated diseases: implications for immunotherapy. Nat Rev Immunol. 2002; 2:85–95. PMID: 11910899.
Article
11. Knutson KL, Schiffman K, Cheever MA, Disis ML. Immunization of cancer patients with a HER-2/neu, HLA-A2 peptide, p369-377, results in short-lived peptide-specific immunity. Clin Cancer Res. 2002; 8:1014–1018. PMID: 12006513.
12. Disis ML, Gooley TA, Rinn K, Davis D, Piepkorn M, Cheever MA, et al. Generation of T-cell immunity to the HER-2/neu protein after active immunization with HER-2/neu peptide-based vaccines. J Clin Oncol. 2002; 20:2624–2632. PMID: 12039923.
Article
13. Disis ML, Grabstein KH, Sleath PR, Cheever MA. Generation of immunity to the HER-2/neu oncogenic protein in patients with breast and ovarian cancer using a peptide-based vaccine. Clin Cancer Res. 1999; 5:1289–1297. PMID: 10389911.
14. Salazar LG, Fikes J, Southwood S, Ishioka G, Knutson KL, Gooley TA, et al. Immunization of cancer patients with HER-2/neu-derived peptides demonstrating high-affinity binding to multiple class II alleles. Clin Cancer Res. 2003; 9:5559–5565. PMID: 14654536.
15. Park KH, Gad E, Goodell V, Dang Y, Wild T, Higgins D, et al. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-2 is a target for the immunomodulation of breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2008; 68:8400–8409. PMID: 18922913.
Article
16. Lu J, Celis E. Use of two predictive algorithms of the world wide web for the identification of tumor-reactive T-cell epitopes. Cancer Res. 2000; 60:5223–5227. PMID: 11016651.
17. Disis ML, Bernhard H, Shiota FM, Hand SL, Gralow JR, Huseby ES, et al. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor: an effective adjuvant for protein and peptide-based vaccines. Blood. 1996; 88:202–210. PMID: 8704175.
Article
18. Napolitani G, Rinaldi A, Bertoni F, Sallusto F, Lanzavecchia A. Selected Toll-like receptor agonist combinations synergistically trigger a T helper type 1-polarizing program in dendritic cells. Nat Immunol. 2005; 6:769–776. PMID: 15995707.
Article
19. Kaiko GE, Horvat JC, Beagley KW, Hansbro PM. Immunological decision-making: how does the immune system decide to mount a helper T-cell response? Immunology. 2008; 123:326–338. PMID: 17983439.
Article
20. Butterfield LH, Ribas A, Dissette VB, Amarnani SN, Vu HT, Oseguera D, et al. Determinant spreading associated with clinical response in dendritic cell-based immunotherapy for malignant melanoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2003; 9:998–1008. PMID: 12631598.
21. Salazar LG, Goodell V, O'Meara M. Persistent immunity and survival after immunization with a HER2/neu (HER2) vaccine. J Clin Oncol. 2009; 27(Suppl 15):abstr 3010.
Article
22. Disis ML, Wallace D, Gooley TA. Concurrent trastuzumab and HER-2/neu specific vaccination in patients with metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2009; in press.
23. Knutson KL, Schiffman K, Disis ML. Immunization with a HER-2/neu helper peptide vaccine generates HER-2/neu CD8 T-cell immunity in cancer patients. J Clin Invest. 2001; 107:477–484. PMID: 11181647.
Article
24. Disis ML, Knutson KL, Schiffman K, Rinn K, McNeel DG. Pre-existent immunity to the HER-2/neu oncogenic protein in patients with HER-2/neu overexpressing breast and ovarian cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2000; 62:245–252. PMID: 11072789.
Article
25. Arnould L, Gelly M, Penault-Llorca F, Benoit L, Bonnetain F, Migeon C, et al. Trastuzumab-based treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer: an antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity mechanism? Br J Cancer. 2006; 94:259–267. PMID: 16404427.
Article
26. Nakai N, Katoh N, Kitagawa T, Ueda E, Takenaka H, Kishimoto S. Immunoregulatory T cells in the peripheral blood of melanoma patients treated with melanoma antigen-pulsed mature monocyte-derived dendritic cell vaccination. J Dermatol Sci. 2009; 54:31–37. PMID: 19157789.
Article
27. Disis ML, Salazar LG, Coveler A. Phase I study of infusion of HER2/neu (HER2) specific T cells in patients with advanced-stage HER2 overexpressing cancers who have received a HER2 vaccine. J Clin Oncol. 2009; 27(Suppl 15):abstr 3000.
Article
28. Dang Y, Knutson KL, Goodell V, dela Rosa C, Salazar LG, Higgins D, et al. Tumor antigen-specific T-cell expansion is greatly facilitated by in vivo priming. Clin Cancer Res. 2007; 13:1883–1891. PMID: 17363545.
29. Knutson KL, Disis ML. IL-12 enhances the generation of tumour antigen-specific Th1 CD4 T cells during ex vivo expansion. Clin Exp Immunol. 2004; 135:322–329. PMID: 14738463.
30. Dudley ME, Wunderlich JR, Yang JC, Sherry RM, Topalian SL, Restifo NP, et al. Adoptive cell transfer therapy following non-myeloablative but lymphodepleting chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with refractory metastatic melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2005; 23:2346–2357. PMID: 15800326.
Article
Full Text Links
  • CRT
Actions
Cited
CITED
export Copy
Close
Share
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
Similar articles
Copyright © 2024 by Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. All rights reserved.     E-mail: koreamed@kamje.or.kr