Nutr Res Pract.  2020 Oct;14(5):425-437. 10.4162/nrp.2020.14.5.425.

Effect of vegetable oils with different fatty acid composition on high-fat dietinduced obesity and colon inflammation

• Thomas SS
• Cha YS
• Kim KA

• KMID: 2506881
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2020.14.5.425

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES
Different fatty acids exert different health benefits. This study investigated the potential protective effects of perilla, olive, and safflower oils on high-fat diet-induced obesity and colon inflammation.
MATERIALS/METHODS
Five-week old, C57BL/6J mice were assigned to 5 groups: low-fat diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD) and high-fat diet supplemented with-perilla oil (HPO), olive oil (HOO), and safflower oil (HSO). After 16 weeks of the experimental period, the mice were sacrificed, and blood and tissues were collected. The serum was analyzed for obesity- and inflammation-related biomarkers. Gene expression of the biomarkers in the liver, adipose tissue, and colon tissue was analyzed. Micro-computed tomography (CT) analysis was performed one week before sacrifice.
RESULTS
Treatment with all the three oils significantly improved obesity-induced increases in body weight, liver weight, and epididymal fat weight as well as serum triglyceride and leptin levels. Treatment with perilla oil (PO) and safflower oil (SO) increased adiponectin levels. The micro-CT analysis revealed that PO and SO reduced abdominal fat volume considerably. The mRNA expression of lipogenic genes was reduced in all the three oilsupplemented groups and PO upregulated lipid oxidation in the liver. Supplementation of oils improved macroscopic score, increased colon length, and decreased serum endotoxin and proinflammatory cytokine levels in the colon. The abundance of Bifidobacteria was increased and that of Enterobacteriaceae was reduced in the PO-supplemented group. All three oils reduced proinflammatory cytokine levels, as indicated by the mRNA expression. In addition, PO increased the expression of tight junction proteins.
CONCLUSIONS
Taken together, our data indicate that the three oils exert similar anti-obesity effects. Interestingly, compared with olive oil and SO, PO provides better protection against high-fat diet-induced colon inflammation, suggesting that PO consumption helps manage inflammation-related diseases and provides omega-3 fatty acids needed by the body.

Keyword

Perilla; olive oil; safflower oil; inflammation

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Anthropometric parameters and micro-CT analysis. Body weight for the whole experimental period (A), final body weight (B), liver weight (C), epididymal fat (D), and (F) percentage of abdominal fat volume. Values are shown as mean ± SD. Values with different superscripts (a, b, c) letters are significantly different among groups. The micro-CT image (E) of abdominal region (dark grey portions indicate fat tissue). Mice were divided into 5 groups (n = 8); low-fat diet (LFD); high-fat diet (HFD); high-diet supplemented with perilla oil (HPO); high-fat diet supplemented with olive oil (HOO); high-fat diet supplemented with safflower oil (HSO).CT, computed tomography.

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  Fig. 2 Serum lipids and adipokine levels. (A)Triglyceride, (B) total cholesterol, (C) high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, (D) leptin, and (E) adiponectin. Values are shown as mean ± SD. Values with different superscripts (a, b, c) letters are significantly different among groups. Mice were divided into 5 groups (n = 8); low-fat diet (LFD); high-fat diet (HFD); high-diet supplemented with perilla oil (HPO); high-fat diet supplemented with olive oil (HOO); high-fat diet supplemented with safflower oil (HSO).

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  Fig. 3 The mRNA expression levels in (A) liver and (B) adipose tissue. Values are shown as mean ± SD. Values with different superscripts (a, b) letters are significantly different among groups. Mice were divided into 5 groups (n = 8); low-fat diet (LFD); high-fat diet (HFD); high-diet supplemented with perilla oil (HPO); high-fat diet supplemented with olive oil (HOO); high-fat diet supplemented with safflower oil (HSO).PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; FAS, fatty acid synthase; ACC, acetyl CoA carboxylase; SREBP, sterol regulatory binding protein; HMG-CoA R, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase; CPT, carnitine palmitoyl transferase; ACOX, acyl CoA oxidase.

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  Fig. 4 Inflammation markers in the colon. (A) colon length, (B) macroscopic score, (C) TNF-α, (D) IL-6, and (E) IL-1β. Values are shown as mean ± SD. Values with different superscripts (a, b, c) letters are significantly different among groups. Mice were divided into 5 groups (n = 8); low-fat diet (LFD); high-fat diet (HFD); high-diet supplemented with perilla oil (HPO); high-fat diet supplemented with olive oil (HOO); high-fat diet supplemented with safflower oil (HSO).TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; IL, interleukin.

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  Fig. 5 Number of Bifidobacteria (A) and Enterobacteriaceae (B) in the feces and serum endotoxin levels (C). Values are shown as mean ± SD. Values with different superscripts (a, b) letters are significantly different among groups. Mice were divided into 5 groups (n = 8); low-fat diet (LFD); high-fat diet (HFD); high-diet supplemented with perilla oil (HPO); high-fat diet supplemented with olive oil (HOO); high-fat diet supplemented with safflower oil (HSO).

• 

  Fig. 6 The expression levels of inflammatory markers in colon. (A) mRNA expression using PCR, (B) protein expression using western blot. Values are shown as mean ± SD. Values with different superscripts (a, b, c) letters are significantly different among groups. Mice were divided into five groups (n=8); low-fat diet (LFD); high-fat diet (HFD); high-diet supplemented with perilla oil (HPO); high-fat diet supplemented with olive oil (HOO); high-fat diet supplemented with safflower oil (HSO).p-p65, phospho-p65; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; IL, interleukin; ZO, zonula occludens; MUC, mucin.

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