J Dent Rehabil Appl Sci.  2019 Sep;35(3):160-169. 10.14368/jdras.2019.35.3.160.

Antimicrobial effect of toothbrush with light emitting diode on dental biofilm attached to zirconia surface: an in vitro study

• Park JH
• Kim YG
• Um HS
• Lee SY
• Lee JK
• Chang BS

• KMID: 2463625
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.14368/jdras.2019.35.3.160

Abstract

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of a toothbrush with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on periodontitis-associated dental biofilm attached to a zirconia surface by static and dynamic methods.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Zirconia disks (12 mm diameter, 2.5 mm thickness) were inserted into a 24-well plate (static method) or inside a Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) biofilm reactor (dynamic method) to form dental biofilms using Streptococcus gordonii and Fusobacterium nucleatum. The disks with biofilm were subdivided into five treatment groups-control, commercial photodynamic therapy (PDT), toothbrush alone (B), brush with LED (BL), and brush with LED+erythrosine (BLE). After treatment, the disks were agitated to detach the bacteria, and the resulting solutions were spread directly on selective agar. The number of viable bacteria and percentage of bacterial reduction were determined from colony counts. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to visualize alterations in bacterial morphology.
RESULTS
No significant difference in biofilm formation was observed between dynamic and static methods. A significant difference was observed in the number of viable bacteria between the control and all experimental groups (P < 0.05). The percentage of bacterial reduction in the BLE group was significantly higher than in the other treated groups (P < 0.05). SEM revealed damaged bacterial cell walls in the PDT, BL, and BLE groups, but intact cell walls in the control and B groups.
CONCLUSION
The findings suggest that an LED toothbrush with erythrosine is more effective than other treatments in reducing the viability of periodontitis-associated bacteria attached to zirconia in vitro.

Keyword

biofilm; erythrosine; peri-implant disease; photochemotherapy; toothbrushing

MeSH Terms

Agar
Bacteria
Biofilms*
Cell Wall
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
Dihydroergotamine
Erythrosine
Fusobacterium nucleatum
In Vitro Techniques*
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Photochemotherapy
Streptococcus gordonii
Toothbrushing
Agar
Dihydroergotamine
Erythrosine

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Scanning electron microscopy images of attachment on zirconia surface according to culture method. (A, C Biofilm in well plate (static method), (B, D) Biofilm in CDC biofilm reactor (dynamic method). The arrowheads indicate S. gordonii and the arrows indicate F. nucleatum. CDC: Center for Disease Control and Prevention

• 

  Fig. 2 Scanning electron microscopy images of S. gordonii and F. nucleatum attached to zirconia surface by CDC biofilm reactor. (A, F) control group; (B, G) brush alone group; (C, H) photodynamic therapy group; (D, I) brushing with a LED light group; (E, J) brushing with a LED light and erythrosine group. CDC, Center for Disease Control and Prevention; LED, light-emitting diodes.

Reference

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