Clin Exp Vaccine Res.  2016 Jul;5(2):138-147. 10.7774/cevr.2016.5.2.138.

QS-21 enhances the early antibody response to oil adjuvant foot-and-mouth disease vaccine in cattle

Affiliations
  • 1Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Institute of Foot and Mouth Disease (SAP), Ankara, Turkey. cancokcaliskan@gmail.com
  • 2Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Directorate-General for Agriculture and Rural Development, Ankara, Turkey.

Abstract

PURPOSE
One of the most important tools against foot-and-mouth disease, a highly contagious and variable viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals, is vaccination. However, the effectiveness of foot-and-mouth disease vaccines on slowing the spread of the disease is questionable. In contrast, high potency vaccines providing early protection may solve issues with the spread of the disease, escaping mutants, and persistency. To increase the potency of the vaccine, additives such as saponin and aluminium hydroxide are used. However, the use of saponin with an oil adjuvant is not common and is sometimes linked to toxicity. QS-21, which is less toxic than Quil A, has been presented as an alternative for use with saponin. In this study, the addition of QS-21 to a commercially available foot-and-mouth disease water-in-oil-in-water emulsion vaccine was evaluated in cattle.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
After vaccination, serum samples were collected periodically over 3 months. Sera of the QS-21 and normal oil vaccine groups were compared via serum virus neutralization antibody titre and liquid phase blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibody titre.
RESULTS
The results showed that there was a significant early antibody increase in the QS-21 group.
CONCLUSION
Strong early virus neutralizing antibody response will be useful for emergency or ring vaccinations against foot-and-mouth disease in target animals.

Keyword

Foot-and-mouth disease; Vaccines; Saponins; QS-21; Adjuvant; Cattle; Early antibody response

MeSH Terms

Animals
Antibodies, Neutralizing
Antibody Formation*
Cattle*
Emergencies
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Foot-and-Mouth Disease*
Saponins
United Nations
Vaccination
Vaccines
Virus Diseases
Antibodies, Neutralizing
Saponins
Vaccines

Figure

  • Fig. 1 The mean serum virus neutralizing antibody titres for the groups (type O). VNT, virus neutralization test.

  • Fig. 2 The virus neutralizing antibody titres of individual animals in both groups (Type O). (A) Montanide ISA206+QS-21. (B) Montanide ISA206. VNT, virus neutralization test.

  • Fig. 3 The mean serum virus neutralizing antibody titres for the two groups (type A). VNT, virus neutralization test.

  • Fig. 4 The virus neutralizing antibody titres of individual animals in both groups (type A). (A) Montanide ISA206+ QS-21. (B) Montanide ISA206. VNT, virus neutralization test.

  • Fig. 5 The mean serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antibody titres of the two groups (type O).

  • Fig. 6 The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antibody titres of individual animals in both groups (type O). (A) Montanide ISA206+QS-21. (B) Montanide ISA206.

  • Fig. 7 The mean serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antibody titres of the two groups (type A).

  • Fig. 8 The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antibody titres of individual animals in both groups (type A). (A) Montanide ISA206+QS-21. (B) Montanide ISA206.


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