Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr.  2016 Dec;19(4):221-228. 10.5223/pghn.2016.19.4.221.

Microbiome-Linked Crosstalk in the Gastrointestinal Exposome towards Host Health and Disease

• Moon Y

• KMID: 2364762
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5223/pghn.2016.19.4.221

Abstract

The gastrointestinal exposome represents the integration of all xenobiotic components and host-derived endogenous components affecting the host health, disease progression and ultimately clinical outcomes during the lifespan. The human gut microbiome as a dynamic exposome of commensalism continuously interacts with other exogenous exposome as well as host sentineling components including the immune and neuroendocrine circuit. The composition and diversity of the microbiome are established on the basis of the luminal environment (physical, chemical and biological exposome) and host surveillance at each part of the gastrointestinal lining. Whereas the chemical exposome derived from nutrients and other xenobiotics can influence the dynamics of microbiome community (the stability, diversity, or resilience), the microbiomes reciprocally alter the bioavailability and activities of the chemical exposome in the mucosa. In particular, xenobiotic metabolites by the gut microbial enzymes can be either beneficial or detrimental to the host health although xenobiotics can alter the composition and diversity of the gut microbiome. The integration of the mucosal crosstalk in the exposome determines the fate of microbiome community and host response to the etiologic factors of disease. Therefore, the network between microbiome and other mucosal exposome would provide new insights into the clinical intervention against the mucosal or systemic disorders via regulation of the gut-associated immunological, metabolic, or neuroendocrine system.

Keyword

Gastrointestinal exposome; Microbiota; Gastrointestinal immunity and inflammation; Xenobiotic metabolism

MeSH Terms

Biological Availability
Disease Progression
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Humans
Microbiota
Mucous Membrane
Neurosecretory Systems
Phenobarbital
Symbiosis
Xenobiotics
Phenobarbital
Xenobiotics