Tuberc Respir Dis.  2009 Dec;67(6):512-516.

Bronchoscopic Findings of Pulmonary Paragonimiasis

• Jeon K
• Song JU
• Um SW
• Koh WJ
• Suh GY
• Chung MP
• Kwon OJ
• Han J
• Kim H

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Pulmonary paragonimiasis is a subacute to chronic inflammatory disease of the lung caused by lung flukes that result in prolonged inflammation and mechanical injury to the bronchi. However, there are few reports on the bronchoscopic findings of pulmonary paragonimiasis. This report describes the bronchoscopic findings of pulmonary paragonimiasis. METHODS: The bronchosocpic findings of 30 patients (20 males, median age 50 years) with pulmonary paragonimiasis between May 1995 and December 2007 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: The diagnoses were based on a positive serologic test results for Paragonimus-specific antibodies in 13 patients (43%), or the detection of Paragonimus eggs in the sputum, bronchial washing fluid, or lung biopsy specimens in 17 patients (57%). The bronchoscopic examinations revealed endobronchial lesions in 17 patients (57%), which were located within the segmental bronchi in 10 patients (59%), lobar bronchi in 6 patients (35%) and main bronchi in 1 patient (6%). The bronchoscopic characteristics of endobronchial lesions were edematous swelling of the mucosa (16/17, 94%) and mucosal nodularity (4/17, 24%), accompanied by bronchial stenosis in 16 patients (94%). Paragonimus eggs were detected in the bronchial washing fluid of 9 out of the 17 patients with endobronchial lesions. The bronchial mucosal biopsy specimens showed evidence of chronic inflammation with eosinophilic infiltration in 6 out of 11 patients (55%). However, no adult fluke or ova were found in the bronchial tissue. CONCLUSION: Bronchial stenosis with mucosal changes including edematous swelling and mucosal nodularity is the most common bronchoscopic finding of pulmonary paragonimiasis.

Keyword

Bronchitis; Bronchoscopy; Diagnosis; Paragonimiasis

MeSH Terms

Adult
Antibodies
Biopsy
Bronchi
Bronchitis
Bronchoscopy
Constriction, Pathologic
Eggs
Eosinophils
Humans
Inflammation
Lung
Male
Mucous Membrane
Ovum
Paragonimiasis
Paragonimus
Retrospective Studies
Serologic Tests
Sputum
Trematoda
Antibodies

Figure

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  Figure 1 Bronchoscopic appearance and histologic findings of bronchial mucosal biopsy specimens in a 44-year-old male with pulmonary paragonimiasis. (A) Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed bronchial stenosis that was associated with mucosal edema of the posterior segmental bronchus of the right upper lobe. (B) Photomicrograph of bronchial tissue obtained from the posterior segmental bronchus of the right upper lobe showing thickening of the basement membrane, chronic inflammation with eosinophilic infiltration, and multinucleated giant cell formation (H&E stain, ×400).

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  Figure 2 Bronchoscopic appearance and histologic findings of bronchial mucosal biopsy specimens in a 55-year-old female with pulmonary paragonimiasis. (A) Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed mucoal nodularity on the right upper lobe. (B) Photomicrograph of bronchial tissue obtained from the right upper lobar bronchus showing thickening of the basement membrane, chronic inflammation with eosinophilic infiltration, and the presence of several multinucleated giant cells (H&E stain, ×200).

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