J Korean Acad Adult Nurs.  2001 Dec;13(4):509-516.

The Effects of Anxiety, Depression and Self-Esteem on Smoking and Nicotine Dependency Among Unmarried Woman Smokers

• Kim OS
• Kim AJ
• Kim SW
• Baik SH

Abstract

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of anxiety, depression and self-esteem on the amount of smoking and nicotine dependency among woman smokers. METHOD: The convenience sample consisted of 121 unmarried woman smokers. The STAI, the CES-D Scale, the Self-Esteem scale and the FTQ were utilized to measure the level of anxiety, depression, self-esteem, and nicotine dependency. The amount of smoking was calculated based on the number of cigarette used.
RESULTS
Results indicated that woman smokers were depressed. Nicotine dependency was relatively low. Subjects had smoked a mean of 9.58 cigarettes per day. The level of depression influenced on smoking and nicotine dependency. Self-esteem influenced on the amount of smoking and anxiety influenced on nicotine dependency.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study revealed that the amount of smoking of unmarried woman smokers was very high. Both the amount of smoking and nicotine dependency were affected by levels of depression. Education programs and campaigns are needed to prevent smoking of young adult women.

Keyword

Women; Smoking; Anxiety; Depression; Nicotine

MeSH Terms

Anxiety*
Depression*
Education
Female
Humans
Nicotine*
Single Person*
Smoke*
Smoking*
Tobacco Products
Young Adult
Nicotine
Smoke