Korean Circ J.  1998 Jul;28(7):1047-1058. 10.4070/kcj.1998.28.7.1047.

Coronary Arterial Remodeling in Athersclerotic Disease: An Intravascular Ultrasonic Study in vivo

• Lee NH
• Jang YS
• Kim DS
• Choi DH
• Hong BK
• Kim HS
• Kim SS
• Kim MK

• KMID: 2228851
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4070/kcj.1998.28.7.1047

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Adaptive remodeling of the wall of diseased arterial segments occurs to compensate for the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaque. Histopathologic studies and intraoperative high-frequency epicardial coronary ultrasound imaging as well as intracoronary ultrasound imaging have shown that human coronary arteries enlarge in parallel with the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. Therefore, the lumen area is preserved until the progressive accumulation of plaque exceeds the compensatory mechanisms of the vessel. In 1995, however, Pastercamp et al. reported that arterial wall constriction (shrinkage) or inadequate enlargement may be a different mechanism associated with the development of severe arterial lumen narrowing in addition to plaque proliferation. The aim of this study is to examine what extent of de novo native coronary arterial stenosis is accompanied by compensatory enlargement and to find the predictors of inadequate remodeling with intravascualr ultrasound.
METHODS
Fifty eight patients were enrolled from February 1997 through October 1997. Patients who had the lesion of more than 50% stenosis of minimal luminal diameter in coronary angiography were indicated. The lesion which was located in the ostium or was very tortuous or angulated was excluded. The lesion which had the history of balloon angioplasty or stent insertion was also excluded. We used 20 MHz endosonic intravascular ultrasound catheter. We measured EEM area (External Elastic Membrane area), lumen area and plaque plus media area and analysed plaque characteristics.
RESULTS
1) Fifty-eight consecutive patients (43 men, 15 women; mean age 55.4 years, range 33 to 78) who had not undergone previous catheter intervention were studied with a single intravascular ultrasound system. 2) Among 58 patients, 20 patients (35%) had acute myocardial infarction, 30 patients (52%) unstable angina, 6 patients (10%) stable angina and 2 patients (3%) old myocardial infarction. Lesions were located at the left anterior descending arteries in 29 patients (50%), right coronary arteries in 21 patients (36%) and left circumflex coronary artery in 8 patients (14%). 3) Compensatory enlargement was observed in 19 (32%) of 58 lesions and inadequate compensatory enlargement in 39 (68%). 4) EEM and plaque areas at lesion site of compensatory enlargement group were significantly larger than those of inadequate enlargement group (p<0.05). 5) Risk factors for coronary arterial disease including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia (serum cholesterol<0A65B>240 mg/dl), smokings and plaque characteristics were not statistically related with inadequate enlargement. Although there was no statistical significance, there was a tendency of inadequate enlargement in patients with diabetes mellitus and calcified plaque. 6) The only predictor of inadequate remodeling was the postmenopausal female (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION
Adaptive compensatory coronary arterial remodeling was occured less frequently in patients with acute coronary syndromes than in patients with stable angina. The only statistically significant predictor of adaptive compensatory coronary arterial remodeling was postmenopausal women. Inadequate compensatory coronary arterial remodeling was occured more frequently in patients with diabetes mellitus or calcified plaque but without statistical significance.

Keyword

Intravascular ultrasound; Coronary arterial remodeling

MeSH Terms

Acute Coronary Syndrome
Angina, Stable
Angina, Unstable
Angioplasty, Balloon
Arteries
Catheters
Constriction
Constriction, Pathologic
Coronary Angiography
Coronary Vessels
Diabetes Mellitus
Female
Humans
Hypercholesterolemia
Hypertension
Male
Membranes
Myocardial Infarction
Phenobarbital
Plaque, Atherosclerotic
Risk Factors
Smoke
Stents
Ultrasonics*
Ultrasonography
Phenobarbital
Smoke