J Korean Neurosurg Soc.  2014 Oct;56(4):295-302. 10.3340/jkns.2014.56.4.295.

Association Factors for CT Angiography Spot Sign and Hematoma Growth in Korean Patients with Acute Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage : A Single-Center Cohort Study

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea. argus3620@gmail.com

Abstract


OBJECTIVE
This study was conducted to clarify the association factors and clinical significance of the CT angiography (CTA) spot sign and hematoma growth in Korean patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).
METHODS
We retrospectively collected the data of 287 consecutive patients presenting with acute ICH who arrived within 12 hours of ictus. Baseline clinical and radiological characteristics as well as the mortality rate within one month were assessed. A binary logistic regression was conducted to obtain association factors for the CTA spot sign and hematoma growth.
RESULTS
We identified a CTA spot sign in 40 patients (13.9%) and hematoma growth in 78 patients (27.2%). An elapsed time to CT scan of less than 3 hours (OR, 5.14; 95% CI, 1.76-15.02; p=0.003) was associated with the spot sign. A CTA spot sign (OR, 5.70; 95% CI, 2.70-12.01; p<0.001), elevated alanine transaminase (GPT) level >40 IU (OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.01-4.01; p=0.047), and an international normalized ratio > or =1.8 or warfarin medication (OR, 5.64; 95% CI, 1.29-24.57; p=0.021) were independent predictors for hematoma growth. Antiplatelet agent medication (OR, 4.92; 95% CI, 1.31-18.50; p=0.019) was significantly associated with hematoma growth within 6 hours of ictus.
CONCLUSION
As previous other populations, CTA spot sign was a strong predictor for hematoma growth especially in hyper-acute stage of ICH in Korea. Antithrombotics medication might also be associated with hyper-acute hematoma growth. In our population, elevated GPT was newly identified as a predictor for hematoma growth and its effect for hematoma growth is necessary to be confirmed through a further research.

Keyword

Intracerebral hemorrhage; CT angiography; Spot sign; Hematoma growth; Antithrombotics; Alanine transaminase

MeSH Terms

Alanine Transaminase
Angiography*
Cerebral Hemorrhage*
Cohort Studies*
Hematoma*
Humans
International Normalized Ratio
Korea
Logistic Models
Mortality
Retrospective Studies
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Warfarin
Alanine Transaminase
Warfarin

Figure

  • Fig. 1 Flowchart of patient selection. ICH : intracerebral hemorrhage, AVM : arteriovenous malformation, AVF : arteriovenous fistula.

  • Fig. 2 Representative CT angiography (CTA) images obtained from a 50-year-old woman with a history of daily alcohol consumption who arrived at our hospital within 42 minutes of ictus. A : Non-contrast brain CT showing an acute hemorrhage in the right putamen. B : A small enhanced focus of contrast in the middle of the hematoma (black arrow). C : CTA image showing no intracranial vessel abnormality. D : Hematoma growth identified on a brain CT image acquired immediately after her neurologic deterioration 4 hours after arrival at our hospital.

  • Fig. 3 Among the 78 patients with hematoma growth, a comparison of the time from ictus to hematoma growth between the spot sign-positive group (n=25, 32.1%) and the spot sign-negative group (n=53, 67.9%). A Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the two groups.


Cited by  1 articles

Management and Outcome of Spontaneous Cerebellar Hemorrhage
Jungin Han, Ho Kook Lee, Tack Geun Cho, Jae Gon Moon, Chang Hyun Kim
J Cerebrovasc Endovasc Neurosurg. 2015;17(3):185-193.    doi: 10.7461/jcen.2015.17.3.185.


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