J Dig Cancer Res.  2024 Dec;12(3):216-223. 10.52927/jdcr.2024.12.3.216.

Association between Metabolic Factors and Gastric Cancer

• Nam SY
• Kwon OK
• Jeon SW

• KMID: 2563746
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.52927/jdcr.2024.12.3.216

Abstract

Background/Aims
We investigated sex- and stage-specific associations of body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) with gastric cancer.
Methods
In total, 3,382 patients with gastric cancer and 19,609 healthy controls were enrolled. BMI was categorized into five groups. HDL-C was classified as low (< 40 and < 50 mg/ dl in males and females, respectively) and normal (≥ 40 and ≥ 50 mg/dl in males and females, respectively). Logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results
After adjustment, low BMI (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.13–1.84), low HDL levels (OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 2.07–2.50), and high fasting glucose levels (OR, 2.94; 95% CI, 2.22–2.99) were associated with gastric cancer, whereas high BMI (OR, 0.61–0.81) was inversely associated with gastric cancer. In sex-specific analysis, BMI was inversely associated with gastric cancer only in males (trend: p < 0.001). Low serum HDL and high fasting glucose levels were strongly associated with gastric cancer in both males and females. The effect of high glucose content was more pronounced in females (OR, 4.02) than in males (OR, 2.58). BMI was inversely associated with both AGC (trend: p < 0.001) and EGC (trend: p = 0.001). Low serum HDL and high fasting glucose levels were strongly associated with gastric cancer in EGC and AGC.
Conclusions
The effect of BMI on gastric cancer varies by sex and stage, whereas low HDL levels are associated with gastric cancer regardless of these factors.

Keyword

Stomach neoplasms; Lipoproteins, HDL; Body mass index; Sex; Stage