Korean J Pediatr Infect Dis.  1998 May;5(1):96-103. 10.14776/kjpid.1998.5.1.96.

The Immune Response and Protective Efficacy of Hepatitis B Vaccine in Neonates Born from Hepatitis B Carrier Mothers

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Catholic University Medical College, Seoul, Korea.

Abstract

PURPOSE
We performed this study to evaluate the immune responses and protective efficacies of the HBV vaccine in infants born from hepatitis B virus(HBV) carrier mothers.
METHODS
Seventy eight infants born from HBV carrier mothers, who were able to follow up for 12months in the Catholic University St. Vincents hospital, were involved in this study from July 1995 to December 1996. Samples were collected at birth, 4, 8 and 12 months after injection of HBIG and HBV heat-inactivated plasma derived vaccines. We evaluated the changes and relationships of viral markers detecting by enzyme immunoassay and radioimmunoassay between HBV carrier mothers and their infants.
RESULTS
1) A total of 5.0%(106/2,117) of pregnant women were found to be a HBV carrier. The rates of HBeAg positive and negative were 38.5%(37/96) and 61.5%(59/96), respectively. 2) The seroconversion rates of anti-HBs with infants of HBV carrier mothers at 4, 8 and 12 months were 85.9%(67/78), 75.6%(59/78) and 73.1%(57/78), respectively. Although these were statistically significant differences(P < 0.05), they were not related to HBeAg status of the mothers. The geometric mean titers of anti-HBs at 8 and 12 months were significantly higher than at 4 months, statistically(P < 0.05). The protective efficacy of the HBV vaccine and HBIG at 12 months in infants from HBeAg positive and negative mothers were 89.8% and 100%, respectively. 3) Five of 78(6.4%) infants became infected by HBV from only HBeAg positive mothers during the follow up period of 12 months. Three of 5 infected infants became HBV carriers. HBsAg positive at birth from HBeAg positive and negative mother were 4 infants, respectively. Three of 4 infants became infected by HBV from only HBeAg positive mothers.
CONCLUSION
We confirmed that the seroconversion rate of HBV heat-inactivated plasma derived vaccine which was one of other vaccines manufacturing in Korea was 85.9%. The protective efficacy of this HBV vaccine and HBIG at 12 months in infants from HBeAg positive and negative mothers were 89.8% and 100%, respectively.

Keyword

Hepatitis B virus; Heat-inactivated plasma derived vaccine; Vertical transmission; Protective efficacy; Seroconversion rate

MeSH Terms

Biomarkers
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Hepatitis B e Antigens
Hepatitis B Surface Antigens
Hepatitis B Vaccines*
Hepatitis B virus
Hepatitis B*
Hepatitis*
Humans
Immunoenzyme Techniques
Infant
Infant, Newborn*
Korea
Mothers*
Parturition
Plasma
Pregnant Women
Radioimmunoassay
Seroconversion
Vaccines
Biomarkers
Hepatitis B Surface Antigens
Hepatitis B Vaccines
Hepatitis B e Antigens
Vaccines
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