J Vet Sci.  2018 Mar;19(2):271-279. 10.4142/jvs.2018.19.2.271.

Control of type O foot-and-mouth disease by vaccination in Korea, 2014–2015

• Park JH
• Tark D
• Lee KN
• Chun JE
• Lee HS
• Ko YJ
• Kye SJ
• Kim YJ
• Oem JK
• Ryoo S
• Lim SB
• Lee SY
• Choi JH
• Ko MK
• You SH
• Lee MH
• Kim B

• KMID: 2407626
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2018.19.2.271

Abstract

On December 3, 2014, a type O foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreak began in Korea. Although vaccinations were administered, FMD cases increased steadily for five months, and reached 185 cases by April 2015. Most of the affected animals were pigs, which are vulnerable to vaccination. The FMD virus belonged to the South-East Asia (SEA) topotype that had been observed three times in Korea between April 2010 and July 2014. However, the FMD virus isolated in December 2014 had a unique feature; that is, partial deletion of the 5"² non-coding region, a deletion not seen in previous SEA topotype isolates identified in Korea. We conclude that this outbreak included the introduction of a new FMD strain to Korea, and that Korea was now affected by genetically similar FMD virus strains that are related to those from neighboring countries.

Keyword

Korea; control; foot-and-mouth disease; vaccination

MeSH Terms

Animals
Asia
Foot-and-Mouth Disease*
Korea*
Swine
Vaccination*

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Korea in 2014 and 2015. (A) Monthly progress of FMD cases. GG, Gyeonggi; GW, Gangwon; CN, Chungnam; CB, Chungbuk; GB, Gyeongbuk; GN, Gyeongnam; JN, Jeonnam; JB, Jeonbuk; SJ, Sejong city; IC, Incheon city. (B) Number of detected cases in cattle and pigs, and cumulative case numbers occurring after the first case.

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  Fig. 2 Antibody prevalence against foot-and-mouth disease in 2014 and 2015 cases in South Korea. (A) Type O antibody prevalence obtained by structural protein (SP) antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 2014 and 2015. (B) Detected number of nonstructural protein (NSP) antibody positive farms in 2014 and 2015.

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  Fig. 3 Comparison of VP1 sequences of vaccine prototypes and foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) viral strains closely related to O/SKR/Dec/2014 with a phylogenetic tree showing viral FMD strains closely related to O/SKR/Dec/2014 (black dot). The O/TAI/Ban/60 strain (GenBank KM243030.1) is a similar strain to O 3039. The National Center for Biotechnology Information GenBank accession numbers for the virus strains are as follows: O/SKR/Apr/2010 (HM143846.1), O/SKR/1/2000 (AJ318854.1), O/SKR/1/2002 (AH012984.2), O/HLJOC12/03 (DQ119643.2), O/JPN/1/2010 (LC149719.1), O/SKR/Nov/2010 (KR401159.1), O/SKR/Dec-YJ/2010 (KF501487.1), O/SKR/Dec-YC/2010 (KR401160.1), O/SKR/Dec/2014 (KX162590.1), O/TAI/Ban/60 (KM243030.1), O TAW 98 (KJ606982.1), O1 Manisa (AY593823.1), O1 Campos (AJ320488.1), and O/GZ-MT/CHA/2013 (KJ646655). SEA, South-East Asia; ME-SA, Middle East and South Asia; CHA, China; HKN, Hong Kong; JPN, Japan; SKR, South Korea; TUR, Turkey; BRA, Brazil; TAI, Thailand; TAW, Taiwan. The scale bar indicates nucleotide substitutions per site.

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  Fig. 4 Comparison of complete genome and VP1 sequences of the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) viral strains closely related to O/SKR/Dec/2014. (A) Nucleotide similarity in FMD viral strains closely related to O/SKR/Dec/2014. (B) Amino acid similarity in FMD viral strains closely related to O/SKR/Dec/2014. (C) Nucleotide similarity between vaccine prototypes and O/SKR/Dec/2014. (D) Amino acid similarity between vaccine prototypes and O/SKR/Dec/2014. (E) Similarity between VP1 nucleotides and amino acids in the coding sequences of vaccine prototypes or wild type strains compared with O/SKR/Dec/2014. The National Center for Biotechnology Information GenBank accession number for the virus strain is as follows: O BFS (AY593816). ME-SA, Middle East and South Asia; SEA, South-East Asia.

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  Fig. 5 Comparison of unique foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) viral strain sequences closely related to O/SKR/Dec/2014. (A) Alignment of 5′ non-coding region (NCR) among Korean isolates since 2010. The rectangular box represents the deleted region in the 5′ NCR downstream of the poly-C region. (B) Alignment of VP1 sequence among Korean isolates since 2010 and vaccine prototypes. The rectangular box represents the unique region in the matching sequences. National Center for Biotechnology Information GenBank accession numbers for the virus strains are as follows: O/SKR/Apr/2010 (HM143846.1), O/SKR/Nov/2010 (KR401159.1), O/SKR/Dec/2014 (KX162590.1), O/SKR/Jul/2014 (kvcc.hahis.go.kr), O1 Mansia (AY593823.1), O/TAI/Ban/60 (KM243030.1), O TAW 97 (AY593835.1), O1 Campos (AJ320488.1), O/GZ-MT/CHA/2013 (KJ646655).

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