Nat Prod Sci.  2016 Jun;22(2):140-145. 10.20307/nps.2016.22.2.140.

Phenolic Constituents and Their Anti-inflammatory Activity from Echinochloa utilis Grains

• Nguyen DH
• Zhao BT
• Le DD
• Kim KY
• Kim YH
• Yoon YH
• Ko JY
• Woo KS
• Woo MH

• KMID: 2328881
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.20307/nps.2016.22.2.140

Abstract

Seven phenolic compounds including p-coumaric acid (1), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (2), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (3), vanillic acid (4), luteolin (5), acacetin (6), and tricin (7), were isolated from the methylene chloride and ethyl acetate fractions of Echinochloa utilis grains. Compounds (1 - 4, 6) were isolated for the first time from this plant. These compounds were tested for inhibitory activities against LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells. Compounds 5 and 6 displayed significant inhibitory effects, with ICâ‚…â‚€ values of 27.9 ± 2.6 and 14.0 ± 1.1 µM, respectively. The results suggested that E. utilis ethanolic extract may be used as a potential source of anti-inflammatory agents and functional foods for the treatment of allergic diseases.

Keyword

Echinochloa utilis; Phenolic compounds; NO production

MeSH Terms

Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Echinochloa*
Ethanol
Functional Food
Luteolin
Methylene Chloride
Phenol*
Plants
RAW 264.7 Cells
Vanillic Acid
Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Ethanol
Luteolin
Methylene Chloride
Phenol
Vanillic Acid

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1. Chemical structures of compounds 1–7 isolated from the grains of E. utilis.

• 

  Fig. 2. The effects of compounds 5 and 6 on LPS-induced rise of iNOS and COX-2 levels in RAW 264.7 cells. The RAW 264.7 cells were pretreated with LPS (0.1 µg/mL) for 30 min, followed by concentrations of 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 µg/mL for 5 and 1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 µg/mL for 6 for 24 h. Whole-cell lysates were blotted with the indicated antibodies. β-Actin level was used as a loading control. The expressions of iNOS and COX-2 were assessed by Western blotting analysis using specific antibodies for individual proteins. The results are representatives of three independent experiments.

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