Korean J Women Health Nurs.  2009 Mar;15(1):32-42. 10.4069/kjwhn.2009.15.1.32.

Effects of Abdominal Breathing on Anxiety, Blood Pressure, Peripheral Skin Temperature and Saturation Oxygen of Pregnant Women in Preterm Labor

Affiliations
  • 1College of Nursing, Yonsei University; Nursing Policy Research Institute, Seoul, Korea.
  • 2Nursing Policy Research Institute; Doctoral Student, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. kimhs02041@hotmail.com
  • 3Doctoral Student, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
  • 4College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
  • 5Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea.

Abstract

PURPOSE: This study was done to examine the effects of abdominal breathing on VAS-Anxiety (VAS-A), blood pressure, peripheral skin temperature and saturation oxygen in pregnant women in preterm labor.
METHODS
The study design was a matched control group interrupted time series. Forty-six women matched to gestational age were assigned to either the experimental group (26) or control group (20). Data were collected between March 2007 and May 2008. For the experimental treatment the women performed abdominal breathing 30 times, which took 5 minutes, and did one set of 5-minute abdominal breathing daily for three days. Data collection was done before and after the abdominal breathing to measure VAS-A, blood pressure, peripheral skin temperature and oxygen saturation. Descriptive, chi-square, Mann-Whitney U tests were used to analyze the data with the SPSS/PC+Win 15.0 program.
RESULTS
For the experimental group there were significant decreases in VAS-A (Z=-4.37, p=.00), systolic blood pressure (Z=-3.38, p=.00), and an increase in skin temperature (Z=-4.50, p=.00) and oxygen saturation (Z=-3.66, p=.00).
CONCLUSION
These findings suggest that abdominal breathing in pregnant women in preterm labor results in decreases in anxiety(VAS-A) including biological evidences such as systolic blood pressure, and increases in peripheral skin temperature and oxygen saturation. Further longitudinal study is needed on the lasting effects and obstetric and neonatal outcomes following abdominal breathing.

Keyword

Abdominal breathing; Preterm labor; Anxiety; Blood Pressure; Saturation Oxygen

MeSH Terms

Anxiety
Arginine Vasopressin
Blood Pressure
Data Collection
Female
Gestational Age
Humans
Obstetric Labor, Premature
Oxygen
Pregnancy
Pregnant Women
Respiration
Skin
Skin Temperature
Arginine Vasopressin
Oxygen

Figure

  • Figure 1 Research framework

  • Figure 2 Research design


Cited by  1 articles

Effects of nonpharmacological interventions on the psychological health of high-risk pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Hyeji Yoo, Sukhee Ahn
Korean J Women Health Nurs. 2021;27(3):180-195.    doi: 10.4069/kjwhn.2021.09.17.


Reference

1. Alder J., Fink N., Bitzer J., Hosli I., Holzgreve W. Depression and anxiety during pregnancy; A risk factor for obstetric, fetal and neonatal outcome? a critical review of the literature. J Maternal-Fetal Neonatal Med. 2007. 20(3):189–209.
2. An S.E. Effect of abdominal breathing on labor anxiety level and cervix dilatation time in primipara women. 2007. Seoul: Yonsei University;Unpublished master's thesis.
3. Astin J.A., Shapiro S.L., Eisenberg D.M., Forys K.L. Mind-body medicine: state of the science, implications for practice. J American Board Family Practice. 2003. 16(2):131–147.
4. Bacon M., Poppen R.A. A behavioral analysis of diaphragmatic breathing & it's effects on peripheral temperature. J Behavior Ther Experience Psychiatry. 1985. 16:15–21.
5. Beddoe A.E., Lee K.A. Mind-body interventions during pregnancy. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2008. 37(2):165–175.
6. Benson H. The relaxation response. 1975. NY: William Morrow & Co.
7. Berkowitz K., Reyes C., Sadaat P., Kjos S. Comparison of fetal lung maturation in well dated diabetic non-diabetic pregnancies. American J Obstet Gynecol. 1996. 1174.
8. Chang S.B., Park H.J., Bae C.H., Shim J.O. Effect of abdominal breathing on pre-term labor anxiety and frequency of uterine contraction. Clinical Nurs Research. 2007. 13(3):31–41.
9. Cunningham F.G., Gant N.F., Leveno K.J., Gilstrap L.C., Hauth J.C., Wenstrom K.D. 21st edition Williams obstetrics. 2004. California: Appleton & Lange.
10. Edmund F.F., Jonathan G.G., Henry R. Changes in the respiratory tract during pregnancy. 2008. Walthan, MA:
11. Faul F., Erdfelder E., Lang A.-G., Buchner A. G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Method. 2007. 39:175–191.
12. Field T., Diego M., Hernandez-Reif M., Schanberg S., Kuhn C., Yando R., Bendell D.. Pregnancy anxiety and comorbid depression and anger: effects on the fetus and neonate. Depress and Anxiety. 2003. 17(3):140–151.
13. Fried R. The role of respiration in stress control. 1993. NewYork: The Guilford press.
14. Gennaro S. Psychological and physiological stress: Impact on preterm birth. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2003. 32(5):668–675.
15. Gift A., Cahill C. Psychophysiologic aspects of dyspnea in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; a pilot study. Heart and Lung. 1993. 19:252–259.
16. Gift A.G. Visual analog scale: measurement of subjective phenomena. Nurs Reserch. 1989. 38:286–288.
17. Gye J.G. The grove dictionary of medical terminology. 2004. Seoul: Academia.
18. Han K.R. A study of mothers and nurses' perception of the nursing needs of women experiencing premature labor. J Korean Acad Womens Health Nurs. 1995. 1(1):76–93.
19. Hollier L.M. Preventing preterm birth; what works, what doesn't. Obstet Gynecol Survey. 2006. 60(2):124–131.
20. Hwang J.C., Lee Y.C., Ann D.C., Park Y.S. Effect of abdominal breathing & Chest breathing on body temperature. 1995. Korean Psychoscience Association;35–56.
21. Janke J. The effect of relaxation therapy on preterm labor outcome. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 1999. 28(3):255–263.
22. Kim G.S., Song Y.H. Relaxation therapy for pain control. Korean Acad Craniomandibular Disorders. 1993. 5(1):1–5.
23. Kim H.S., Song H.H., Choi S.E. A Metaanalysis of effects of relaxation therapy on anxiety and blood pressure. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2000. 30(2):282–292.
24. Kim S.G. The Survey on the national fertility, family health and welfare in Korea. KIHASA. 2006. 24.
25. Lee P.S. Theoretical bases and technical applicationof breathing therapy in stress management. J Korean Acad Nurs. 1999. 29(6):1304–1313.
26. Lee P.S., Yoo E.K. A Study on the physical and emotional status and nursing needs of the pregnant women hospitalized by premature labor. J Korean Acad Womens Health Nurs. 1996. 2(1):76–91.
27. Nicholson W., Frick K.D., Powe N.R. Economic burden of hospitalizations for preterm labor in the United States. Obstet Gynecology. 2000. 96(1):95–101.
28. No D.S. Natural therapy of adult disease. Medical Information. 1989. 2:148–159.
29. Pagel M.D., Smilkstein G., Regen H., Montano D. Psychosocial influences on new born outcomes: A controlled prospective study. Social Science Med. 1990. 30(5):597–604.
30. Shim J.O. Recent trends in management of preterm labor. Korean J Obstet Gynecol. 2006. 49(7):1403–1411.
31. Suh K.H. Updates in applications and effects of the progressive muscle relaxation. Korean J Stress Res. 2008. 16(2):167–173.
32. Vogelsang J. The visual analog scale; an accurate & sensitive method for self-reporting preoperative anxiety. Post Anesth Nurs. 1988. 3:235–239.
33. Yu S.J., Song M.S. The effects of abdominal relaxed breathing training on stress response and blood pressure for elderly hypertensive patient. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2001. 31(6):998–1011.
Full Text Links
  • KJWHN
Actions
Cited
CITED
export Copy
Close
Share
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
Similar articles
Copyright © 2024 by Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. All rights reserved.     E-mail: koreamed@kamje.or.kr