Korean J Helicobacter Up Gastrointest Res.  2014 Jun;14(2):82-86. 10.7704/kjhugr.2014.14.2.82.

Medical and Endoscopic Management of Achalasia

• Han JP
• Hong SJ

• KMID: 2249454
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.7704/kjhugr.2014.14.2.82

Abstract

Achalasia is a rare primary esophageal motility disorder. Because its etiology is uncertain, treatment is focused on palliation of symptoms or for decreasing lower esophageal sphincter pressure. Treatment options include pharmacological, endoscopic and surgical methods. Various medications including nitrates, calcium channel blockers, and nitric oxide donors (sildenafil) are available, but their effectiveness is inconsistent. Endoscopic options include pneumatic balloon dilation, injection of botulinum toxin, temporary self-expandable metal stent placement, and peroral endoscopic myotomy. Laparoscopic or open myotomy can be a surgical option. We reviewed the treatment options focusing on medical and endoscopic management of achalasia.

Keyword

Esophageal achalasia; Endoscopic treatment; Medication

MeSH Terms

Botulinum Toxins
Calcium Channel Blockers
Esophageal Achalasia*
Esophageal Motility Disorders
Esophageal Sphincter, Lower
Nitrates
Nitric Oxide Donors
Stents
Botulinum Toxins
Calcium Channel Blockers
Nitrates
Nitric Oxide Donors