J Adv Prosthodont.  2015 Dec;7(6):468-474. 10.4047/jap.2015.7.6.468.

Partial denture metal framework may harbor potentially pathogenic bacteria

• Mengatto C
• Marchini L
• Bernardes
• Gomes SC
• Silva AM
• Rizzatti-Barbosa CM

• KMID: 2176622
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4047/jap.2015.7.6.468

Abstract

PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to characterize and compare bacterial diversity on the removable partial denture (RPD) framework over time.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This descriptive pilot study included five women who were rehabilitated with free-end mandibular RPD. The biofilm on T-bar clasps were collected 1 week (t1) and 4 months (t2) after the RPD was inserted (t0). Bacterial 16S rDNA was extracted and PCR amplified. Amplicons were cloned; clones were submitted to cycle sequencing, and sequences were compared with GenBank (98% similarity).
RESULTS
A total of 180 sequences with more than 499 bp were obtained. Two phylogenetic trees with 84 (t1) and 96 (t2) clones represented the bacteria biofilm at the RPD. About 93% of the obtained phylotypes fell into 25 known species for t1 and 17 for t2, which were grouped in 5 phyla: Firmicutes (t1=82%; t2=60%), Actinobacteria (t1=5%; t2=10%), Bacteroidetes (t1=2%; t2=6%), Proteobacteria (t1=10%; t2=15%) and Fusobacteria (t1=1%; t2=8%). The libraries also include 3 novel phylotypes for t1 and 11 for t2. Library t2 differs from t1 (P=.004); t1 is a subset of the t2 (P=.052). Periodontal pathogens, such as F. nucleatum, were more prevalent in t2.
CONCLUSION
The biofilm composition of the RPD metal clasps changed along time after RPD wearing. The RPD framework may act as a reservoir for potentially pathogenic bacteria and the RPD wearers may benefit from regular follow-up visits and strategies on prosthesis-related oral health instructions.

Keyword

Framework; Denture plaque; Microorganisms; 16S rDNA gene; Removable partial denture

MeSH Terms

Actinobacteria
Bacteria*
Bacteroidetes
Biofilms
Clone Cells
Databases, Nucleic Acid
Denture, Partial*
Denture, Partial, Removable
DNA, Ribosomal
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Fusobacteria
Humans
Oral Health
Pilot Projects
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Proteobacteria
Trees
DNA, Ribosomal

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Timeline of the study after enrolment process, interventions, and assessments performed on participants. (RPD) removable partial denture; (OHI) oral hygiene instructions.

• 

  Fig. 2 Phylogenetic tree with the highest-scored BLAST search results from 84 clones of library t1. The right side of the Fig. shows grayscale bars that represent the distribution of phylotypes among 5 phyla. The scale bar represents evolutionary distance (5% nucleotide sequence divergence). The organism names in bold letters mark the new phylotypes identified in the project. Final codes correspond to GenBank accession numbers.

• 

  Fig. 3 Phylogenetic tree with the highest-scored BLAST search results from 96 clones of library t2. The right side of the Fig. shows grayscale bars that represent the distribution of phylotypes among 5 phyla. The scale bar represents evolutionary distance (5% nucleotide sequence divergence). The organism names in bold letters mark the new phylotypes identified in the project. Final codes correspond to GenBank accession numbers.

• 

  Fig. 4 Collector's curves of observed (Sobs) and estimated (Chao and ACE) phylotype richness as a function of the number of clones recovered from libraries t1 and t2. The number of unseen phylotypes is represented by the gap between the observed and estimated phylotypes. After the sampling of about 55 clones for t1 and about 70 clones for t2, the gap between the observed and estimated phylotype richness was relatively constant, indicating repeated sampling of same phylotypes within samples. The increased sampling effort for t1 would have yielded more phylotypes. In contrast, the horizontal shape of the curves in t2 library indicates a trend of diminishing likelihood of finding new phylotypes as sampling continues.

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