Biomarkers of Susceptibility in Bladder Carcinogenesis

Park, Sue Kyung; Jung, Hae Won; Kang, Dae Hee; Yoo, Keun Young; Cho, Soo Hun

Abstract

Owing to the development of molecular biological techniques to identify new biomarkers of bladder cancer, the information obtained from the studios in which newly developed biomarkers are applied potentially useful in screening of general population, diagnosis of patients, predicting biological behavior and prognosis, and exposure assessments. Despite of rapid development there are a few review about the biomarkers in bladder cancer from which grogs summary of results as well as their optimal function can be considered. This study was carried out in biomarkers of bladder cancer by reviewing the literature to assess the usefulness and stapes of researches for biomarkers of bladder cancer on high risk groups, general population and patients. The biomarkers of bladder cancer were classified by Weinstein's model of carcinogenesis, simple classification of exposure-discase in classical epidemiology, classification by conception of exposure-disease continuum on molecular epidemiology, and application of biomarkers. Two biomarkers, N-acetylation enzyme and Glutathion S-transferase, which had been studied extensively in molecular epidemiology were selected and reviewed. Although the generalization, prediction and diagnosis of bladder cancer based on a single biomarker give rise to trouble due to intravariation of bladder tumor and heterogeneity of biomarkers variation, searching for more specific tumor markers may accurately lead better prediction of prognosis and better estimation of treatment response. The usefulness of both N-acetylation enzyme and glutathion 5-transferase in high-risk groups who have exposes to carcinogen may be more valuable. However more informations are neede in order to apply these biomarkers in clinical practices in further studies.