Allergy Asthma Respir Dis.
2024 Jan;12(1):3-8. 10.4168/aard.2024.12.1.3.
Allergic rhinitis and hygiene hypothesis
- Jee HM1
- Kim M2
- Kim HH3
- Kim HB4
- Rha YH5
- Park Y6
- Sung M7
- Shin YH8
- Yum HY9
- Lee KS10
- Lee YJ11
- Chun YH3
- Choi BS12
- Choi SH5
- Park YM
13 - ftRSGitKAoPAaRD
- Affiliations
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- 1Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
- 2Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Sejong, Korea.
- 3Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
- 4Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
- 5Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
- 6Department of Pediatrics, Jangheung Integrative Medical Hospital, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Jangheung, Korea.
- 7Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital, Gumi, Korea.
- 8Department of Pediatrics, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- 9Department of Pediatrics, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
- 10Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea.
- 11Department of Pediatrics, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Korea.
- 12Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
- 13Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- KMID: 2552787
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.4168/aard.2024.12.1.3
Abstract
- The hygiene hypothesis, first proposed in 1989, suggested that reduced exposure to infections in early life leads to allergic diseases by the defects in the establishment of immune tolerance. Although many studies provided evidence that some exposure conditions, including family size, antibiotics, probiotics, and viral or bacterial infections, are strongly related to the prevalence of allergic diseases, thereby supporting the hygiene hypothesis, some evidence does not provide acceptable results for the hygiene hypothesis. Further, most studies have focused on patients with asthma or atopic dermatitis, not allergic rhinitis. In this review, we summarize the recent studies for and against the ‘hygiene hypothesis’ and identify causal association with the prevalence of allergic rhinitis.
