Ann Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg.  2023 Aug;27(3):241-250. 10.14701/ahbps.22-056.

The link between Helicobacter pylori infection and gallbladder and biliary tract diseases: A review

• Lim KPK
• Loong Lee AJ
• Jiang X
• Jie Teng TZ
• Shelat VG

• KMID: 2545717
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.14701/ahbps.22-056

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative pathogen commonly associated with peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. H. pylori infection has also been reported in cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, gallbladder polyps, and biliary tract cancers. However, the association between H. pylori and gallbladder and biliary tract pathologies remains unclear due to the paucity of literature. In response to the current literature gap, we aim to review and provide an updated summary of the association between H. pylori with gallbladder and biliary tract diseases and its impact on their clinical management. Relevant peer-reviewed studies were retrieved from Medline, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases. We found that H. pylori infection was associated with cholelithiasis, chronic cholecystitis, biliary tract cancer, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and primary biliary cholangitis but not with gallbladder polyps. While causal links have been reported, prospective longitudinal studies are required to conclude the association between H. pylori and gallbladder pathologies. Clinicians should be aware of the implications that H. pylori infection has on the management of these diseases.

Keyword

Helicobacter pylori; Cholelithiasis; Cholecystitis; Gallbladder polyps; Cancer

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Figure outlining the possible pathogenetic pathways of the various gallbladder diseases caused by Helicobacter pylori. CagA, cytotoxin-associated protein A; VacA, vacuolating cytotoxin A; IL, interleukin; ROS, reactive oxygen species; RNS, reactive nitrogen species; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha.

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