Gut Liver.  2023 Jul;17(4):558-565. 10.5009/gnl220149.

Hemostatic Effect and Mechanism of Epidermal Growth Factor-Hemostatic Powder after Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection in a Porcine Model

• Jung DH
• Youn JH
• Moon BM
• Lee JH
• Ryu HS
• Kim JS
• Lee H
• Kim GH
• Park JC

• KMID: 2544898
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5009/gnl220149

Abstract

Background/Aims
Among several methods used to prevent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) bleeding, the recently developed hemostatic powder (HP) has few technical limitations and is relatively easy-to-use. This study aimed to analyze the hemostatic effects and mechanisms of two HPs using a porcine upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage model.
Methods
We evaluated HPs (Endospray and epidermal growth factor [EGF]-endospray) for adhesion, waterproofing ability, permeability, and absorption in vitro. ESD was performed to induce bleeding ulcers in the porcine stomachs. In a total of three pigs, three bleeding ulcers per animal were generated. Hemostasis and rebleeding were evaluated endoscopically. After 72 hours, the animals were sacrificed, and histologically analyzed.
Results
The water absorption of HPs was over 20 times the initial value within 30 minutes. The gelated HPs completely blocked water penetration into the applied site within 5 minutes and strongly adhered to the Petri-dish surface for up to 6 hours. The initial hemostasis rates within 5 minutes were 33.3%, 100.0%, and 66.7%, and the rebleeding rates at 6 to 72 hours after HP application were 33.3%, 16.7%, and 33.3% (control, Endospray, and EGF-endospray groups, respectively). Histological analysis revealed the thickness of the regenerated mucosa (522.1, 514.5, and 680.3 µm) and the submucosal layer (1,510.3, 2,848.2, and 3,062.3 µm) and the number of newly formed blood vessels (15.3, 17.9, and 20.5) in the control, Endospray, and EGFendospray groups, respectively.
Conclusions
The endoscopic HPs demonstrated the ability to elicit effective initial hemostasis and the histological ulcer-healing effect of EGF in an animal model of hemorrhagic gastric ulcers.

Keyword

Endoscopic hemostasis; Endoscopic submucosal dissection; Gastrointestinal hemorrhage; Upper gastrointestinal tract; Swine