Diabetes Metab J.
2022 Jan;46(1):15-37. 10.4093/dmj.2021.0280.
Insulin Resistance: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies
- Affiliations
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- 1Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center (KMMPC), Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
- 2Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
- 3Division of Molecular Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
- KMID: 2525123
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0280
Abstract
- Insulin resistance is the pivotal pathogenic component of many metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, and is defined as a state of reduced responsiveness of insulin-targeting tissues to physiological levels of insulin. Although the underlying mechanism of insulin resistance is not fully understood, several credible theories have been proposed. In this review, we summarize the functions of insulin in glucose metabolism in typical metabolic tissues and describe the mechanisms proposed to underlie insulin resistance, that is, ectopic lipid accumulation in liver and skeletal muscle, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation. In addition, we suggest potential therapeutic strategies for addressing insulin resistance.
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