Obstet Gynecol Sci.  2019 Jul;62(4):264-272. 10.5468/ogs.2019.62.4.264.

Investigation of human papillomavirus prevalence in married women and molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the virus

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey. osaktas@atauni.edu.tr
  • 2Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Health Sciences University, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey.
  • 3Department of Birth, Women's Health and Diseases Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.

Abstract


OBJECTIVE
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are among the agents responsible for infection and cancer of the skin and mucous membranes in the human body. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and type distribution of HPVs in married female patients with gynecological complaints, who had visited the Maternity Hospital in Erzurum, Turkey.
METHODS
In this study, 263 cervical swab samples were taken from married women using the Pap smear method and were investigated for positive reactivity against HPV. The L1 gene region of HPV was investigated using molecular methods. For this purpose, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays and sequence analysis of positive samples were performed. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using a bioinformatics approach after sequencing.
RESULTS
HPV-DNA was detected in 17 (6.5%) samples. Highest positive reactivity to HPV-DNA was found in the 35-44 age group at 9.2%. Fourteen out of seventeen positive samples were included in the phylogenetic analysis. All isolates clustered in the Alphapapillomavirus genus. Six samples were found to be HPV 70 positive, four were HPV 16 positive, and the rest were HPV 54, 72, 81, and 114 positive. When genotyping data were evaluated according to the risk group, we found that 28.6% of the 14 samples were found to be high risk-HPV, and 71.4% were low risk-HPV.
CONCLUSIONS
As per our knowledge, this is the first report on the phylogenetic analysis of HPV genotypes isolated from women in Turkey. The prevalence of low- and-high risk HPV was determined in married women in Erzurum, and these results contribute to the epidemiological data on the distribution of HPV types for this region.

Keyword

Papillomavirus infections; Cervical smears; Polymerase chain reaction; Turkey

MeSH Terms

Alphapapillomavirus
Computational Biology
Female
Genotype
Hospitals, Maternity
Human Body
Human papillomavirus 16
Humans*
Methods
Mucous Membrane
Papanicolaou Test
Papillomavirus Infections
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Prevalence*
Sequence Analysis
Skin Neoplasms
Turkey
Vaginal Smears

Figure

  • Fig. 1 Phylogenetic analysis of the L1 gene region in human papillomaviruses (HPV)-DNA positive specimens. HPVs classified in five different genera are indicated in the phylogenetic tree. All of our study samples in which the Alpha genus was included are shown with rounded black dots. Other examples mentioned in the phylogenetic tree were obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GenBank and are shown by the access numbers.


Reference

1. Abramowitz L, Lacau Saint Guily J, Moyal-Barracco M, Bergeron C, Borne H, Dahlab A, et al. Epidemiological and economic burden of potentially HPV-related cancers in France. PLoS One. 2018; 13:e0202564.
Article
2. Chow LT, Broker TR, Steinberg BM. The natural history of human papillomavirus infections of the mucosal epithelia. APMIS. 2010; 118:422–449.
Article
3. Thun MJ, DeLancey JO, Center MM, Jemal A, Ward EM. The global burden of cancer: priorities for prevention. Carcinogenesis. 2010; 31:100–110.
Article
4. Ceccarelli M, Rullo EV, Facciolà A, Madeddu G, Cacopardo B, Taibi R, et al. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and its correlation with human papillomavirus in people living with HIV: a systematic review. Oncotarget. 2018; 9:17171–17180.
Article
5. Schiffman M, Castle PE, Jeronimo J, Rodriguez AC, Wacholder S. Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer. Lancet. 2007; 370:890–907.
Article
6. Rompalo A. Preventing sexually transmitted infections: back to basics. J Clin Invest. 2011; 121:4580–4583.
Article
7. Sahasrabuddhe VV, Parham GP, Mwanahamuntu MH, Vermund SH. Cervical cancer prevention in low- and middle-income countries: feasible, affordable, essential. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2012; 5:11–17.
Article
8. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health. Health Statistics Yearbook 2016 [Internet]. Ankara (TR): General Directorate of Health Research;c2018. cited 2018 Oct 21. Available from: https://dosyasb.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/13160,sy2016enpdf.pdf?0.
9. Tulan D, Türko ES. Women entrepreneurship: a survey in Erzurum province. Finans Ekon Sos Araşt Derg. 2018; 3:285–306.
10. Entiauspe L, Nunes E, Collares T, da Silveira MF, Seixas F. Comparison between two methods for molecular characterization of human papillomavirus. J Bras Doenças Sex Transm. 2013; 25:13–15.
Article
11. Ozgul N. Genital warts. Turkiye Klinikleri J Gynecol Obstet Spec Top. 2017; 10:174–180.
12. Bruni L, Diaz M, Castellsagué X, Ferrer E, Bosch FX, de Sanjosé S. Cervical human papillomavirus prevalence in 5 continents: meta-analysis of 1 million women with normal cytological findings. J Infect Dis. 2010; 202:1789–1799.
Article
13. Phoolcharoen N, Kantathavorn N, Sricharunrat T, Saeloo S, Krongthong W. A population-based study of cervical cytology findings and human papillomavirus infection in a suburban area of Thailand. Gynecol Oncol Rep. 2017; 21:73–77.
Article
14. Martins TR, Mendes de Oliveira C, Rosa LR, de Campos Centrone C, Rodrigues CL, Villa LL, et al. HPV genotype distribution in Brazilian women with and without cervical lesions: correlation to cytological data. Virol J. 2016; 13:138.
Article
15. Dursun P, Ayhan A, Mutlu L, Çağlar M, Haberal A, Güngör T, et al. HPV types in Turkey: multicenter hospital based evaluation of 6388 patients in Turkish gynecologic oncology group centers. Turk Patoloji Derg. 2013; 29:210–216.
Article
16. Coscia MF, Monno R, Ballini A, Mirgaldi R, Dipalma G, Pettini F, et al. Human papilloma virus (HPV) genotypes prevalence in a region of South Italy (Apulia). Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2015; 51:248–251.
17. Kim MJ, Kim JJ, Kim S. Type-specific prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus by cervical cytology and age: data from the health check-ups of 7,014 Korean women. Obstet Gynecol Sci. 2013; 56:110–120.
Article
18. Ouh YT, Min KJ, Cho HW, Ki M, Oh JK, Shin SY, et al. Prevalence of human papillomavirus genotypes and precancerous cervical lesions in a screening population in the Republic of Korea, 2014–2016. J Gynecol Oncol. 2018; 29:e14.
Article
19. Bansal D, Elmi AA, Skariah S, Haddad P, Abu-Raddad LJ, Al Hamadi AH, et al. Molecular epidemiology and genotype distribution of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) among Arab women in the State of Qatar. J Transl Med. 2014; 12:300.
Article
20. Altun Z, Yarkin F, Vardar MA, Uguz AH. The prevalence of human papilloma virus infection among women who admitted to Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine Hospital. Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci. 2011; 31:307–314.
21. Findik D, Dagi HT, Arslan U, Findik Y. Frequency and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus in cervical specimens. Genel Tıp Derg. 2012; 22:116–120.
22. Avci GA, Bozdayi G, Taskiran Ç, Ozkan S, Onan MA. Phylogenetic analysis and prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in women with cervical pathologies. J Turk Soc Obstet Gynecol. 2013; 10:151–159.
23. Unal B, Sezer C. Analysis of high risk HPV subtypes associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: a single centre retrospective study in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Turk Patoloji Derg. 2014; 30:85–86.
Article
24. Bulut Y, Belhan M, Özercan İH. Detection of human papillomavirus genotypes by pyrosequencing method in uterine cervical cancer samples. Firat Univ Med J Health Sci. 2016; 30:71–75.
25. Barışık NO, Keser SH, Gül AE, Şimşek EE, Özdemir HG. Prevalence of high-risk human papilloma virus and identification of type using real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis and liquid-based cytology. South Clin Istanb Eurasia. 2017; 28:175–180.
26. Giuliodori K, Campanati A, Liberati G, Ganzetti G, Giangiacomi M, Marinelli K, et al. Lifelong widespread warts associated with human papillomavirus type 70/85: a new diagnostic entity? Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Panonica Adriat. 2016; 25:11–13.
Article
27. Potocnik M, Kocjan B, Seme K, Poljak M. Distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in genital warts from males in Slovenia. Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Panonica Adriat. 2007; 16:91–96.
28. Vergori A, Garbuglia AR, Piselli P, Del Nonno F, Sias C, Lupi F, et al. Oral human papillomavirus DNA detection in HIV-positive men: prevalence, predictors, and co-occurrence at anal site. BMC Infect Dis. 2018; 18:25.
Article
29. Ekström J, Forslund O, Dillner J. Three novel papillomaviruses (HPV109, HPV112 and HPV114) and their presence in cutaneous and mucosal samples. Virology. 2010; 397:331–336.
Article
30. Aziz H, Iqbal H, Mahmood H, Fatima S, Faheem M, Sattar AA, et al. Human papillomavirus infection in females with normal cervical cytology: genotyping and phylogenetic analysis among women in Punjab, Pakistan. Int J Infect Dis. 2018; 66:83–89.
Article
31. Chen Z, Schiffman M, Herrero R, DeSalle R, Anastos K, Segondy M, et al. Classification and evolution of human papillomavirus genome variants: alpha-5 (HPV26, 51, 69, 82), alpha-6 (HPV30, 53, 56, 66), alpha-11 (HPV34, 73), alpha-13 (HPV54) and alpha-3 (HPV61). Virology. 2018; 516:86–101.
Article
32. Cui F, Zhang Z, Xu J, Ding X, Mu X, Wan Q, et al. Genetic variability and lineage phylogeny of human papillomavirus type 45 based on E6 and E7 genes in Southwest China. Virus Res. 2018; 255:85–89.
Article
33. Conde-Ferraez L, Pacheco-Arjona R, Novelo Canul C, Gomez-Carballo J, Ramirez-Prado JH, Ayora-Talavera G, et al. Genetic variability in E6 and E7 oncogenes from human papillomavirus type 58 in Mexican women. Intervirology. 2017; 60:235–246.
Article
34. Ramas V, Mirazo S, Bonilla S, Ruchansky D, Arbiza J. Analysis of human papillomavirus 16 E6, E7 genes and Long Control Region in cervical samples from Uruguayan women. Gene. 2018; 654:103–109.
Article
35. Zhang J, Zhang S, Wang M, Ding X, Wen Q, Chen Z, et al. Genetic variability in E5, E6, E7 and L1 genes of human papillomavirus type 31. Mol Med Rep. 2018; 17:5498–5507.
Article
Full Text Links
  • OGS
Actions
Cited
CITED
export Copy
Close
Share
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
Similar articles
Copyright © 2024 by Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. All rights reserved.     E-mail: koreamed@kamje.or.kr