Asian Oncol Nurs.  2018 Dec;18(4):224-231. 10.5388/aon.2018.18.4.224.

Predictors of the Posttraumatic Growth in Parents of Children with Leukemia

• Hong S
• Park HR
• Choi SH

• KMID: 2431005
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5388/aon.2018.18.4.224

Abstract

PURPOSE
Parents caring for children with leukemia experience a tremendous challenge to get positive results in overcoming traumatic events with their children. The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of posttraumatic growth in parents of children with leukemia.
METHODS
One hundred thirty seven parents (117 mothers and 20 fathers) of children with leukemia participated this study from May to August in 2016. Participants completed self-report measures of posttraumatic growth, core belief, deliberate rumination, resilience and social support.
RESULTS
All the variables were positively correlated with posttraumatic growth. Core belief, resilience and social support were significant predictors related to posttraumatic growth in parents of children with leukemia and explained for 54% of the variance in posttraumatic growth.
CONCLUSION
The results show that there are several factors affecting posttraumatic growth in parents of children with leukemia. Therefore, nursing intervention programs including strengthening resilience, revising core belief as well as utilizing social support systems should be provided for this population in order to enhance positive psychological change beyond parental traumatic events related to children with leukemia.

Keyword

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder; Parents; Children; Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia; Acute Myelocytic Leukemia

MeSH Terms

Child*
Humans
Leukemia*
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
Mothers
Nursing
Parents*
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic

Reference

1. Hullmann SE, Fedele DA, Molzon ES, Mayes S, Mullins LL. Posttraumatic growth and hope in parents of children with cancer. J Psychosoc Oncol. 2014; 32:696–707.

2. Tedeschi RG, Calhoun LG. Posttraumatic growth: conceptual foundations and empirical evidence. Psychol Inq. 2004; 15:1–18.

3. Calhoun LG, Tedeschi RG. The foundation of posttraumatic growth: an expanded framework. In : Calhoun LG, Tedeschi RG, editors. Handbook of posttraumatic growth: research and practice. 1st ed. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates;2006. p. 3–23.

4. Janoff-Bulman R. Posttraumatic growth: three explanatory models. Psychol Inq. 2004; 15:30–34.

5. Haase JE, Heiney SP, Ruccione KS, Stutzer C. Research triangulation to derive meaning-based quality-of-life theory: adolescent resilience model and instrument development. Int J Cancer Suppl. 1999; 12:125–131.

6. Lindstrom CA, Cann A, Calhoun LG, Tedeschi RG. The relationship of core belief challenge, rumination, disclosure, and sociocultural elements to posttraumatic growth. Psychol Trauma. 2013; 5:50–55.

7. Cann A, Calhoun LG, Tedeschi RG, Kilmer RP, Gil-Rivas V, Vishnevsky T, et al. The Core Beliefs Inventory: a brief measure of disruption in the assumptive world. Anxiety Stress Coping. 2010; 23:19–34.

8. Kim MY. Factors influencing posttraumatic growth in fathers of chronically ill children. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2015; 45:890–899.

9. Hungerbuehler I, Vollrath ME, Landolt MA. Posttraumatic growth in mothers and fathers of children with severe illnesses. J Health Psychol. 2011; 16:1259–1267.

10. Nenova M, DuHamel K, Zemon V, Rini C, Redd WH. Posttraumatic growth, social support, and social constraint in hematopoietic stem cell transplant survivors. Psychooncology. 2013; 22:195–202.

11. Barakat LP, Alderfer MA, Kazak AE. Posttraumatic growth in adolescent survivors of cancer and their mothers and fathers. J Pediatr Psychol. 2006; 31:413–419.

12. Ministry of Health and Welfare; Korea Central Cancer Registry. National Cancer Center. Annual report of cancer statistics in Korea in 2013. Seoul: Ministry of Health and Welfare;2015. Report No.: 11-1352000-000145-10.

13. Yonemoto T, Kamibeppu K, Ishii T, Iwata S, Tatezaki S. Posttraumatic stress symptom (PTSS) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) in parents of childhood, adolescent and young adult patients with high-grade osteosarcoma. Int J Clin Oncol. 2012; 17:272–275.

14. Jeon JE, Kim M. Effects of hope and self-efficacy on posttraumatic growth in mothers of children with cancers. J Korean Clin Nurs Res. 2016; 22:142–151.

15. Tedeschi RG, Calhoun LG. The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory: measuring the positive legacy of trauma. J Trauma Stress. 1996; 9:455–471.

16. Song SH, Lee HS, Park JH, Kim KH. Validity and reliability of the Korean version of the posttraumatic growth inventory. Korean J Health Psychol. 2009; 14:193–214.

17. Jo SM. The causal relationship of cognitive factors, social support and resilience on youth's posttraumatic growth [dissertation]. Busan: Pusan National Univ.;2012.

18. Connor KM, Davidson JR. Development of a new resilience scale: the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depress Anxiety. 2003; 18:76–82.

19. Baek HS, Lee KU, Joo EJ, Lee MY, Choi KS. Reliability and validity of the Korean version of the connor-davidson resilience scale. Psychiatry Investig. 2010; 7:109–115.

20. Cann A, Calhoun LG, Tedeschi RG, Triplett KN, Vishnevsky T, Lindstrom CM. Assessing posttraumatic cognitive processes: the Event Related Rumination Inventory. Anxiety Stress Coping. 2011; 24:137–156.

21. Ahn HN, Joo HS, Min JW, Sim KS. Validation of the event related rumination inventory in a Korean population. Cognitive Behav Ther Korea. 2013; 13:149–172.

22. Danhauer SC, Russell GB, Tedeschi RG, Jesse MT, Vishnevsky T, Daley K, et al. A longitudinal investigation of posttraumatic growth in adult patients undergoing treatment for acute leukemia. J Clin Psychol Med Settings. 2013; 20:13–24.

23. Park JS, Kim YJ, Ryu YS, Park MH. Factors influencing posttraumatic growth in cancer survivors. Asian Oncol Nurs. 2018; 18:30–39.

24. Park JW. A study to Development a scale of social support [dissertation]. Seoul: Yonsei Univ.;1985.

25. Phipps S, Long A, Hudson M, Rai SN. Symptoms of post-traumatic stress in children with cancer and their parents: effects of informant and time from diagnosis. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2005; 45:952–959.

26. Turner-Sack AM, Menna R, Setchell SR, Maan C, Cataudella D. Posttraumatic growth, coping strategies, and psychological distress in adolescent survivors of cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. 2012; 29:70–79.

27. Bonner MJ, Hardy KK, Willard VW, Hutchinson KC. Brief report: psychosocial functioning of fathers as primary caregivers of pediatric oncology patients. J Pediatr Psychol. 2007; 32:851–856.

28. Wang L, Shi Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Z. Psychometric properties of the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale in Chinese earthquake victims. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2010; 64:499–504.

29. Tedeschi RG, Kilmer RP. Assessing strengths, resilience, and growth to guide clinical interventions. Prof Psychol Res Pr. 2005; 36:230–237.