Healthc Inform Res.  2018 Apr;24(2):125-138. 10.4258/hir.2018.24.2.125.

Development of the IMB Model and an Evidence-Based Diabetes Self-management Mobile Application

• Jeon E
• Park HA

• KMID: 2418181
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4258/hir.2018.24.2.125

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study developed a diabetes self-management mobile application based on the information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model, evidence extracted from clinical practice guidelines, and requirements identified through focus group interviews (FGIs) with diabetes patients.
METHODS
We developed a diabetes self-management (DSM) app in accordance with the following four stages of the system development life cycle. The functional and knowledge requirements of the users were extracted through FGIs with 19 diabetes patients. A system diagram, data models, a database, an algorithm, screens, and menus were designed. An Android app and server with an SSL protocol were developed. The DSM app algorithm and heuristics, as well as the usability of the DSM app were evaluated, and then the DSM app was modified based on heuristics and usability evaluation.
RESULTS
A total of 11 requirement themes were identified through the FGIs. Sixteen functions and 49 knowledge rules were extracted. The system diagram consisted of a client part and server part, 78 data models, a database with 10 tables, an algorithm, and a menu structure with 6 main menus, and 40 user screens were developed. The DSM app was Android version 4.4 or higher for Bluetooth connectivity. The proficiency and efficiency scores of the algorithm were 90.96% and 92.39%, respectively. Fifteen issues were revealed through the heuristic evaluation, and the app was modified to address three of these issues. It was also modified to address five comments received by the researchers through the usability evaluation.
CONCLUSIONS
The DSM app was developed based on behavioral change theory through IMB models. It was designed to be evidence-based, user-centered, and effective. It remains necessary to fully evaluate the effect of the DSM app on the DSM behavior changes of diabetes patients.

Keyword

Diabetes Mellitus; Self-management; Blood Glucose Self-monitoring; Telemedicine; Mobile Health Units

MeSH Terms

Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring
Diabetes Mellitus
Focus Groups
Heuristics
Humans
Life Cycle Stages
Methyltestosterone
Mobile Applications*
Mobile Health Units
Self Care*
Telemedicine
Methyltestosterone

Figure

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  Figure 1 The application was developed in accordance with the following four stages of the system development life cycle: analysis, design, implementation, and evaluation.

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  Figure 2 Sixteen diabetes self-management (DSM) app functions were extracted. IMS: Intercontinental Marketing Services, FGI: focus group interview.

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  Figure 3 The diabetes self-management app consists of two parts: a client part that runs on the user's smartphone and a server part for sharing data with other users.

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  Figure 4 The diabetes self-management app algorithm was developed based on the functions and knowledge extracted in the analysis step.

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  Figure 5 The screen for the bulletin board, SMBG information, medication adherence checking, and blood glucose level recording.

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