Correlation between Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Signal Intensity Changes and Clinical Outcomes in Patients Surgically Treated for Cervical Myeloradiculopathy

Chikhale, Chaitanya Baban; Khurjekar, Ketan Shripad; Shyam, Ashok Kumar; Sancheti, Parag Kantilal

Abstract

STUDY DESIGN: This was a single surgeon, single center-based retrospective study with prospective data collection. PURPOSE: To assess the correlation between T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal intensity (SI) changes and factors such as age, duration of symptoms, baseline modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (mJOA) score and to determine its prognostic value in predicting recovery after surgery. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Whether intramedullary cord T2-weighted MRI SI changes can predict operative outcomes of cervical myeloradiculopathy remains debatable, with only a few prospective studies analyzing the same.
METHODS
Forty-six consecutive patients who underwent cervical myeloradiculopathy were included and were followed up for an average of 1 year. Preoperative T2-weighted MRI SI grading was performed for all patients. The correlation between MRI SI changes and age, duration of symptoms, preoperative mJOA score, and mJOA score at 1-year follow-up were analyzed.
RESULTS
Fifteen patients had single-level (21.73%) or double-level (10.86%) prolapsed discs; 54.34% had degenerative cervical spondylosis with canal stenosis or multilevel disc prolapse and 13.07% had ossified posterior longitudinal ligaments. The mean age was 56.17±9.53 years (range, 35-81 years). The mean baseline mJOA score was 10.83±2.58 (range, 6-16), which postoperatively improved to 13.59±2.28 (range, 8-17; p<0.001). There was a statistically significant correlation between mJOA score at 1 year and MRI T2 SI grading (p=0.017).
CONCLUSIONS
Patients with longer symptom durations had high grades of intramedullary cord T2-weighted MRI SI changes. Age and preoperative neurological status were not significantly correlated with the existence of intramedullary cord SI changes. However, patients without or with mild and diffuse intramedullary cord T2-weighted MRI SI changes had better postoperative neurological recovery than those with sharp and focal SI changes.