Korean J Community Nutr.  2016 Oct;21(5):451-462. 10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.5.451.

Factors Affecting the Frequency of Skipping Meals of Prime-Aged Mothers with Children : Data from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2010-2011

• Park MY
• Park PS

• KMID: 2357333
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.5.451

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study was designed with the goal of understanding the factors affecting the frequency of skipping meals of prime-aged mothers with children as well as their nutritional status.
METHODS
Utilizing data from the 2010-2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey, the frequency of skipping meals of mothers aged between 30 to 49 years with children aged between 3 to 11 years during a two day period was statistically analyzed. The number of meals skipped calculated and categorized into skipping no meals, skipping one meal, skipping two meals or more.
RESULTS
Compared to subjects who corresponded to mean nutrient adequacy ratio(MAR) of 4 quartile, subjects who corresponded to MAR of 2 quartile had 2.766 (95% CI: 1.552-4.931) probability of being in the 1 meal skippers group, while the probability of being in the more than 2 meals skippers group was 2.743(95% CI: 1.353-5.564). Also, compared to subjects who corresponded to MAR of 4 quartile, subjects who corresponded to MAR of 1 quartile had 3.471 (95% CI: 1.871-6.442) probability of being in the 1 meal skippers group, while the odds ratio for being in the more than 2 meals skippers group was 5.258(95% CI: 2.642-10.466).
CONCLUSIONS
The results have the advantage of being generalized because the study selected subjects from probability sampling of the female population of Korea. The research results showed that the elements influencing skipping meals of prime-aged mothers with children were mean nutrient adequacy ratio and the number of nutrients, under estimated average requirement intake, and others. Therefore, to encourage dietary behaviors in the right direction, an integrated approach that considers the associated factors must be realized. Future studies are needed to understand how the frequency of skipping meals of mothers affects their children.

Keyword

prime-aged mother; skipping meal; dietary behavior

MeSH Terms

Child*
Female
Humans
Korea*
Meals*
Mothers*
Nutrition Surveys*
Nutritional Status
Odds Ratio

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Nutrient intakes as percentage of recommended nutrient intake(DRI-2015)1) and number of under nutrients based on frequency of skipping meals of prime-aged mothers2) 1) DRI-2015: Dietary reference intakes for Koreans 2015 2) Calculated by Complex Samples General Linear Model ANOVA

Reference

1. Calle EE, Kaaks R. Overweight, obesity and cancer: epidemiological evidence and proposed mechanisms. Nat Rev Cancer. 2004; 4(8):579–591.

2. Abdullah A, Peeters A, de Courten M, Stoelwinder J. The magnitude of association between overweight and obesity and the risk of diabetes: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2010; 89(3):309–319.

3. Farshchi HR, Taylor MA, Macdonald IA. Regular meal frequency creates more appropriate insulin sensitivity and lipid profiles compared with irregular meal frequency in healthy lean women. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004; 58(7):1071–1077.

4. Smeets AJ, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Acute effects on metabolism and appetite profile of one meal difference in the lower range of meal frequency. Br J Nutr. 2008; 99(6):1316–1321.

5. Levenstein S, Kaplan GA, Smith MW. Psychological predictors of peptic ulcer incidence in the Alameda County Study. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1997; 24(3):140–146.

6. Abu Farsakh NA. Risk factors for duodenal ulcer disease. Saudi Med J. 2002; 23(2):168–172.

7. Edwards FC, Coghill NF. Aetiological factors in chronic atrophic gastritis. Br Med J. 1966; 10(2):1409–1415.

8. Song WO, Chun OK, Obayashi S, Cho S, Chung CE. Is consumption of breakfast associated with body mass index in US adults? J Am Diet Assoc. 2005; 105(9):1373–1382.

9. BaHammam A, Alrajeh M, Albabtain M, Bahammam S, Sharif M. Circadian pattern of sleep, energy expenditure, and body temperature of young healthy men during the intermittent fasting of Ramadan. Appetite. 2010; 54(2):426–429.

10. Fulkerson JA, Story M, Mellin A, Leffert N, Neumark-Sztainer D, French SA. Family dinner meal frequency and adolescent development: relationships with developmental assets and high-risk behaviors. J Adolesc Health. 2006; 39(3):337–345.

11. Neumark-Sztainer D, Wall M, Story M, Fulkerson JA. Are family meal patterns associated with disordered eating behaviors among adolescents? J Adolesc Health. 2004; 35(5):350–359.

12. Hulshof KF, Brussaard JH, Kruizinga AG, Telman J, Löwik MR. Socio-economic status, dietary intake and 10 y trends: the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003; 57(1):128–137.

13. Miech RA, Kumanyika SK, Stettler N, Link BG, Phelan JC, Chang VW. Trends in the association of poverty with overweight among US adolescents, 1971-2004. JAMA. 2006; 295(20):2385–2393.

14. Contento IR, Basch C, Zybert P. Body image, weight, and food choices of Latina women and their young children. J Nutr Educ Bhav. 2003; 35(5):236–248.

15. Wright DE, Radcliffe JD. Parent's perceptions of influences on food behavior development of children attending day care facilities. J Nutr Educ. 1992; 24(4):198–201.

16. Gibson EL, Wardle J, Watts CJ. Fruit and vegetable consumption, nutritional knowledge and beliefs in mothers and children. Appetite. 1998; 31(2):205–228.

17. Nam SM. The relationship between the eating habits of elementary school students and parenting behavior characteristics. J Korean Soc Food Cult. 2003; 18(6):515–526.

18. Lee KA. Effects of mothers' nutritional attitudes and knowledge on their children's obesity inducing factors. Korean J Nutr. 2004; 37(6):464–478.

19. Oh YJ, Chang YK. Children's unbalanced diet and parents' attitudes. Korean J Nutr. 2006; 39(2):184–191.

20. Park MY, Park PS. Factors related to eating habits and nutrition status of mother affecting on body mass index of children aged 1-5years: data from the fifth Korea national health and nutrition examination survey, 2010-2011. Korean J Community Nutr. 2016; 21(1):102–111.

21. Shin KO, Yoon JA, Lee JS, Chung KH. A comparative study of the dietary assessment and knowledge of (Full-Time) housewives and working (Job-Holding) housewives. J East Asian Soc Diet Life. 2010; 20(1):1–10.

22. Shin KO, Yoon JA, Lee JS, Chung KH, Choi SN. A comparison study on interest of dietary life behavior, nutrient intake and health between full-time and working housewives. J Korean Soc Food Cult. 2010; 25(3):285–295.

23. Kim SH. The relationship between stress from housewives' attitudes toward dietary life and their health. Korean J Food Cookery Sci. 2006; 22(6):783–791.

24. Wen CP, Cheng TYD, Tsai SP, Chan HT, Hsu HL, Hsu CC. Are Asians at greater mortality risks for being overweight than Caucasians? Redefining obesity for Asians. Public Health Nutr. 2009; 12(4):497–506.

25. The Korean Nutrition Society. Dietary reference intakes for Koreans. 1st revision. Seoul: The Korean Nutrition Society;2015. p. vi–xii.

26. Hansen RG. An index of food quality. Nutr Rev. 1973; 31(1):1–7.

27. Yi YH, Kim YJ, Lee SY, Lee JG, Jeong DW, Cho YH. The correlation of meal frequency and nutrition with mental health status in women aged 20-39 years: the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2010-2012. Korean J Obes. 2015; 24(2):101–107.

28. Sayer LC, England P, Bittman M, Bianchi SM. How long is the second (plus first) shift? Gender differences in paid, unpaid, and total work time in Australia and the United States. J Comp Fam Stud. 2009; 40(4):523–545.

29. Kim TY, Han DB, Ahn JH, Lee SH. Effect of mothers' identification on nutrition labelling to children's obesity. Korean J Health Econ Policy. 2013; 19(3):51–82.

30. Choi JH, Chung YJ. Evaluation of diet quality according to nutrient intake between highly educated, married, unemployed and employed women. Korean J Nutr. 2006; 39(2):160–170.

31. Hua LL. The effect of mothers' body mass index on nutritional status and health behaviors of the infants [master's thesis]. Kyungpook National University;2016.

32. Bell RR, Draper HH, Tzeng DY, Shin HK, Schmidt GR. Physiological responses of human adults to foods containing phosphate additives. J Nutr. 1977; 107(1):42–50.

33. Gaina A, Sekine M, Chandola T, Marmot M, Kagamimori S. Mother employment status and nutritional patterns in Japanese junior high schoolchildren. Int J Obes (Lond). 2009; 33(7):753–757.