J Korean Ophthalmol Soc.  2011 Feb;52(2):175-181.

Accuracy of the Haigis Formula Based on Axial Length and Anterior Chamber Depth

• Yi CH
• Choi SH
• Chung ES
• Chung TY

Abstract

PURPOSE
To evaluate the effect of axial length (AXL) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) on the accuracy of the Haigis formula in comparison to its effect on other 3rd generation IOL power calculations. The possibility of measurement error in ACD using either method was also investigated.
METHODS
A study was performed on 137 eyes of 98 patients who underwent cataract surgery in our hospital. AXL and ACD were measured using IOL Master, and IOL power was calculated using the Haigis, SRK/T, Hoffer Q, and Holladay 1 formulas. ACD was also measured using Pentacam. Patients were divided into 3 groups based on ACD and AXL. Mean numeric error and mean absolute error were analyzed 1 month after surgery.
RESULTS
Five formulae showed no significant difference in refractive error in the 3 groups based on AXL. In contrast, the Haigis formula showed statistically significant differences in the group with shallow ACD, in which hyperopic shift was also demonstrated. The difference in ACD between using IOL Master and using Pentacam was significant in the shallow ACD group, with IOL Master showing more shallow measurement. However, the other groups based on ACD showed no significant difference in the refractive error from the Haigis formula, and in the difference in ACD between measurements.
CONCLUSIONS
Errors in ACD measurement should be taken into consideration for discrepancy between the Haigis formula measurement and other formula measurements. The authors of the present study suggest that ACD-driven refractive error should be considered in determination of IOL.

Keyword

Anterior chamber depth; Axial length; Haigis formula; Intraocular lens power calculation

MeSH Terms

Anterior Chamber
Cataract
Eye
Humans
Refractive Errors

Reference

References

1. Holladay JT, Prager TC, Ruiz RS, et al. Improving the predictability of intraocular lens power calculations. Arch Ophthalmol. 1986; 104:539–41.

2. Vogel A, Dick HB, Krummenauer F. Reproducibility of optical biometry using partial coherence interferometry: intraobserver and interobserver reliability. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2001; 27:1961–8.

3. Kiss B, Findl O, Menapace R, et al. Biometry of cataractous eyes using partial coherence interferometry: clinical feasibility study of a commercial prototype I. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2002; 28:224–9.

4. Lam AK, Chan R, Pang PC. The repeatability and accuracy of axial length and anterior chamber depth measurements from the IOLMaster. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2001; 21:477–83.

5. Kielhorn I, Rajan MS, Tesha PM, et al. Clinical assessment of the Zeiss IOLMaster. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2003; 29:518–22.

6. Chang SW, Yu CY, Chen DP. Comparison of intraocular lens power calculation by the IOLMaster in phakic and eyes with hydrophobic acrylic lenses. Ophthalmology. 2009; 116:1336–42.

7. Lim LH, Lee SY, Ang CL. Factors affecting the predictability of SRK II in patients with normal axial length undergoing phacoemulsification surgery. Singapore Med J. 2009; 50:120–5.

8. Maeng HS, Ryu EH, Chung TY, Chung ES. Effects of anterior chamber depth and axial length on refractive error after intraocular lens implantation. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc. 2010; 51:195–202.

9. Haigis W. Intraocular lens power calculations. Thorofare NJ, USA: Slack Inc;2003. p. 41–57.

10. Holladay JT, Prager TC. Accurate ultrasonic biometry in pseudophakia. Am J Ophthalmol. 1989; 107:189–90.

11. Holladay JT, Prager TC, Chandler TY, et al. A three-part system for refining intraocular lens power calculations. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1988; 14:17–24.

12. Retzlaff JA, Sanders DR, Kraff MC. Development of the SRK/T intraocular lens implant power calculation formula. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1990; 16:333–40.

13. Hoffer KJ. The Hoffer Q formula: a comparison of theoretic and regression formulas. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1993; 19:700–12.

14. Kim DY, Kim MJ, Kim JY, Tchah H. Comparison of formulas for intraocular lens power calculation installed in a partial coherence interferometer. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc. 2009; 50:523–8.

15. Petermeier K, Gekeler F, Messias A, et al. Intraocular lens power calculation and optimized constants for highly myopic eyes. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2009; 35:1575–81.

16. Wang JK, Hu CY, Chang SW. Intraocular lens power calculation using the IOLMaster and various formulas in eyes with long axial length. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2008; 34:262–7.

17. Bai L, Zhang ZP, Yi GL, et al. [Selection of accurate IOL formula in patients with cataract and high hyperopia]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi. 2008; 44:1063–5.

18. MacLaren RE, Natkunarajah M, Riaz Y, et al. Biometry and formula accuracy with intraocular lenses used for cataract surgery in extreme hyperopia. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007; 143:920–31.

19. Savant V, Chavan R, Pushpoth S, Ilango B. Comparability and in-tra-/interobserver reliability of anterior chamber depth measurements with the Pentacam and IOLMaster. J Refract Surg. 2008; 24:615–8.

20. Reddy AR, Pande MV, Finn P, El-Gogary H. Comparative estimation of anterior chamber depth by ultrasonography, Orbscan II, and IOLMaster. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2004; 30:1268–71.

21. Rabsilber TM, Becker KA, Frisch IB, Auffarth GU. Anterior chamber depth in relation to refractive status measured with the Orbscan II Topography System. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2003; 29:2115–21.

22. Lackner B, Schmidinger G, Skorpik C. Validity and repeatability of anterior chamber depth measurements with Pentacam and Orbscan. Optom Vis Sci. 2005; 82:858–61.

23. Su PF, Lo AY, Hu CY, Chang SW. Anterior chamber depth measurement in phakic and pseudophakic eyes. Optom Vis Sci. 2008; 85:1193–200.

24. Sheng H, Bottjer CA, Bullimore MA. Ocular component measurement using the Zeiss IOLMaster. Optom Vis Sci. 2004; 81:27–34.