J Nutr Health.  2014 Aug;47(4):277-286. 10.4163/jnh.2014.47.4.277.

Effects of nutrition education on nutrition-related knowledge, dietary habits, and nutrient intakes of alcoholic patients

• Kim AN
• Lim HS

• KMID: 2327161
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2014.47.4.277

Abstract

PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics of nutrition-related knowledge, dietary habits, and nutrient intakes of alcoholic patients and how nutrition education affects these nutritional behaviors.
METHODS
Subjects included 37 adult male alcoholic patients who were hospitalized. The nutrition education program consisted of five lessons over a five-week period. An each 80-minute nutrition education program per week was implemented for the alcoholic patients over a five-week period. Both before and after the implementation of nutrition education, their nutrition-related knowledge and dietary habits were assessed and nutrient intakes were investigated.
RESULTS
The subjects showed drinking habits of considerably high frequency, a large quantity of alcohol consumption, and preference for soju (a liquor) over beer. They had proper weight, height, and BMI, and came from relatively poor socioeconomic backgrounds with a low-level of self-rated health status and a comparatively high rate of suffering from disease. Mean score of their nutrition-related knowledge and dietary habits was quite low. They consumed less energy, dietary fiber, vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin, folic acid, Ca, and K, but more Na compared to each Dietary Reference Intake (DRI). After implementing the nutrition education, mean score of nutrition-related knowledge and dietary habits showed significant improvement. In addition, the meeting rate of each DRI of several nutrients was increased significantly, including energy, carbohydrate, dietary fiber, vitamins A, C, and B6, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, folic acid, Ca, P, K, Fe, and Zn, while that of Na decreased.
CONCLUSION
The findings of this study indicate that alcoholic patients had various nutritional problems, such as lack of nutrition-related knowledge, bad dietary habits, and insufficient nutrient intakes, however, these problems can be positively modified by implementation of a relatively short-term nutrition education program.

Keyword

alcoholic patient; nutrition education; nutrition-related knowledge; dietary habits; nutrient intakes

MeSH Terms

Adult
Alcohol Drinking
Alcoholics*
Ascorbic Acid
Beer
Dietary Carbohydrates
Dietary Fiber
Drinking
Education*
Folic Acid
Food Habits*
Humans
Male
Niacin
Pyridoxine
Recommended Dietary Allowances
Riboflavin
Vitamins
Ascorbic Acid
Dietary Carbohydrates
Folic Acid
Niacin
Pyridoxine
Riboflavin
Vitamins

Reference

1. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Korea Health Statistics 2011: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-2). Cheongwon: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;2012.

2. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (FR). OECD health status. Non-medical determinants of health [Internet]. Paris: OECD iLibrary;2014. cited 2014 Jun 14. Available from: http://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx?DataSetCode=HEALTH_LVNG.

3. College of Medicine in Seoul National University. The epidemiological survey of mental disorders in Korea 2011. Seoul: Ministry of Health and Welfare;2012.

4. Freinkel N, Singer DL, Arky RA, Bleicher SJ, Anderson JB, Silbert CK. Alcohol hypoglycemia. I. Carbohydrate metabolism of patients with clinical alcohol hypoglycemia and the experimental reproduction of the syndrome with pure ethanol. J Clin Invest. 1963; 42(7):1112–1133.

5. Rodrigo C, Antezana C, Baraona E. Fat and nitrogen balances in rats with alcohol-induced fatty liver. J Nutr. 1971; 101(10):1307–1310.

6. Suter PM, Schutz Y, Jequier E. The effect of ethanol on fat storage in healthy subjects. N Engl J Med. 1992; 326(15):983–987.

7. Akanji AO, Hockaday TD. Acetate tolerance and the kinetics of acetate utilization in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 1990; 51(1):112–118.

8. Lieber CS. Metabolic consequences of ethanol. Endocrinologist. 1994; 4(2):127–139.

9. Bunout D. Nutritional and metabolic effects of alcoholism: their relationship with alcoholic liver disease. Nutrition. 1999; 15(7-8):583–589.

10. Watzl B, Watson RR. Role of alcohol abuse in nutritional immunosuppression. J Nutr. 1992; 122:3 Suppl. 733–737.

11. Cho H, Yoo JY, Lee JH. A study on the present situation of the treatment services provided by alcohol addiction specialized hospitals. J Korean Acad Ind Coop Soc. 2011; 12(8):3547–3554.

12. Kim JW, Lee BC, Kang TC, Choe IG. The current situation of treatment systems for alcoholism in Korea. J Korean Med Sci. 2013; 28(2):181–189.

13. Santolaria F, Pérez-Manzano JL, Milena A, González-Reimers E, Gómez-Rodríguez MA, Martínez-Riera A, Alemán-Valls MR, de la Vega-Prieto MJ. Nutritional assessment in alcoholic patients. Its relationship with alcoholic intake, feeding habits, organic complications and social problems. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2000; 59(3):295–304.

14. Breslow RA, Guenther PM, Juan W, Graubard BI. Alcoholic beverage consumption, nutrient intakes, and diet quality in the US adult population, 1999-2006. J Am Diet Assoc. 2010; 110(4):551–562.

15. McCann SE, Sempos C, Freudenheim JL, Muti P, Russell M, Nochajski TH, Ram M, Hovey K, Trevisan M. Alcoholic beverage preference and characteristics of drinkers and nondrinkers in western New York (United States). Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2003; 13(1):2–11.

16. Koo BK, Chung JM, Lee HS. A study on the alcohol consumption and nutrient intake in patient with alcoholic liver disease. Korean J Nutr. 1997; 30(1):48–60.

17. Kim MY, Kim KJ, Lee KE. In-patients' food consumption and perception on foodservice quality at hospitals. J Korean Diet Assoc. 2008; 14(1):87–96.

18. Rural Development Administration. Standard food composition table. 8th revision. Suwon: Rural Development Administration;2011.

19. Youn HS, Choi YY, Lee KH. Evaluation of nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes and nutrient intakes of nurses working in Kyungnam area. Korean J Nutr. 2003; 36(3):306–318.

20. Park KM. A survey of teachers' recognition on nutrition knowledge and nutrition education at day-care centers. Korean J Community Nutr. 2005; 10(6):920–929.

21. The Korean Nutrition Society. Dietary reference intakes for Koreans. 1st revision. Seoul: The Korean Nutrition Society;2010.

22. Green LW, Kreuter MW. Health program planning: an educational and ecological approach. New York (NY): McGraw Hill;2005.

23. Gwangju Yohan Alcohol Counselling Center. [Internet]. Gwangju: Gwangju Yohan Alcohol Counselling Center;2014. cited 2014 Jun 14. Available from: http://www.yohanacc.or.kr/.

24. The Korean Dietetic Association. [Internet]. Seoul: The Korean Dietetic Association;2014. cited 2014 Jun 14. Available from: http://www.dietitian.or.kr/.

25. The Korean Society for Prevention Medicine. [Internet]. Seoul: The Korean Society for Prevention Medicine;2014. cited 2014 Jun 14. Available from: http://prevent.richis.org/.

26. Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. [Internet]. Seoul: Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety;2014. cited 2014 Jun 14. Available from: http://www.mfds.go.kr/index.do.

27. Kim MH, You OS. A comparative study on serum lipid levels in drinker and non-drinker. Korean J Nutr. 1999; 32(5):570–576.

28. Chang N, Kim E. Thiamin and riboflavin nutritional status of subjects with alcohol dependency in rural area. Korean J Nutr. 1999; 32(2):175–181.

29. Kim SG, Min YK, Lee DK, Kim MY, Song YS, Gwon DH, Ko YH, Park JM, Chung BS. Temperament of male patients with alcohol dependence. J Korean Soc Biol Ther Psychiatry. 2003; 9(1):80–87.

30. Han SH, Jeong SI, Kim TS, Kim JS, Youn BB. A clinical study on the characteristics of alcoholic inpatients. J Korean Acad Fam Med. 1995; 16(8):566–574.

31. Potter JF, Bannan LT, Beevers DG. Alcohol and hypertension. Br J Addict. 1984; 79(4):365–372.

32. Pavia CS, La Mothe M, Kavanagh M. Influence of alcohol on antimicrobial immunity. Biomed Pharmacother. 2004; 58(2):84–89.

33. Sohn JG, Song HR, Lee KY, Kim JH, Kim HC. A study on the relationship between Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and liver function test in blue-collar workers. Korean J Occup Environ Med. 2003; 15(3):281–289.

34. Lee YP. A comparative study on the characteristics of mental health, subjective quality of life and need of the public aid recipient alcoholics and non-alcoholics. J Korean Alcohol Sci. 2001; 2(2):5–12.

35. Smith KW, Larson MJ. Quality of life assessments by adult substance abusers receiving publicly funded treatment in Massachusetts. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2003; 29(2):323–335.

36. Lee SH, Kim WY. Relationship of habitual alcohol consumption to the nutritional status in middle aged men. Korean J Nutr. 1991; 24(1):58–65.

37. Murphy A, Guilar A, Donat D. Nutrition education for women with newly diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus. Can J Diabetes. 2004; 28(2):147–151.

38. Moon EH, Kim KW. Evaluation of nutrition education for hypertension patients aged 50 years and over. Korean J Community Nutr. 2011; 16(1):62–74.

39. Son SM, Kim MJ. The effect of nutrition education program for various chronic disease in elderly visiting public health center. Korean J Community Nutr. 2001; 6(4):668–677.

40. Lee SL. Effect of nutrition education on improving dietary attitudes, food habits and food frequency - female in twenties shift work in Gyeonggi area. Korean J Community Nutr. 2013; 18(1):55–64.

41. Ahn Y, Ko SY, Kim KW. Evaluation of a nutrition education program for elementary school children. Korean J Community Nutr. 2009; 14(3):266–276.

42. Youn HS, Choi YS. Analysis of correlation among health consciousness and nutrition knowledge, dietary habits and nutrition attitudes of elementary and middle school teachers in Masan city. Korean J Nutr. 2002; 35(3):368–379.

43. Yim KS. The effects of a nutrition education program for hypertensive female elderly at the public health center. Korean J Community Nutr. 2008; 13(5):640–652.

44. Im ES, Seo J, Min H. Effects of chronic ethanol administration on folate metabolism and plasma homocysteine concentration in the rats. Korean J Nutr. 1998; 31(6):1006–1013.

45. Henning SM, Zhang JZ, McKee RW, Swendseid ME, Jacob RA. Glutathione blood levels and other oxidant defense indices in men fed diets low in vitamin C. J Nutr. 1991; 121(12):1969–1975.

46. Díez A, Puig J, Serrano S, Mariñoso ML, Bosch J, Marrugat J, Mellibovsky L, Nogués X, Knobel H, Aubía J. Alcohol-induced bone disease in the absence of severe chronic liver damage. J Bone Miner Res. 1994; 9(6):825–831.

47. Kim MJ, Shim MS, Kim MK, Lee Y, Koh JH, Shin YG, Chung CH, Kwon SO. Effect of chronic alcohol ingestion on bone mineral density in males without liver cirrhosis. Korean J Med. 2002; 63(4):369–378.