Psychiatry Investig.  2009 Dec;6(4):278-285.

Perinatal and Familial Risk Factors Are Associated with Full Syndrome and Subthreshold Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in a Korean Community Sample

Affiliations
  • 1Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. kbn1@snu.ac.kr
  • 2Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

Abstract


OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to examine the effect of perinatal and familial risk factors on full syndrome and subthreshold attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among Korean children and adolescents. METHODS: A sample of 2,673 students was randomly selected from 19 representative schools in Seoul, Korea. The parents of the students completed the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-version IV (DISC-IV), as well as questionnaires on perinatal and familial risk factors. RESULTS: Maternal stress and alcohol use during pregnancy, parental marital discord, parental separation or divorce, changes in primary caregivers, and notbreastfeeding were significantly associated with full syndrome ADHD; however, maternal stress during pregnancy was the only variable that differentiated subthreshold ADHD from non-ADHD. CONCLUSION: Our results provide evidence the perinatal and familial risk factors contribute to the development of ADHD in Korea children and adolescents, and suggest that these perinatal and familial risk factors are more closely related to full syndrome than to subthreshold ADHD.

Keyword

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; Family characteristics; Prevalence; Perinatal risk factors; Subthreshold

MeSH Terms

Adolescent
Appointments and Schedules
Caregivers
Child
Divorce
Family Characteristics
Humans
Korea
Parents
Pregnancy
Prevalence
Surveys and Questionnaires
Risk Factors
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