Nutr Res Pract.  2016 Feb;10(1):56-66. 10.4162/nrp.2016.10.1.56.

Modelling protection behaviour towards micronutrient deficiencies: Case of iodine biofortified vegetable legumes as health intervention for school-going children

• Mogendi JB
• De Steur H
• Gellynck X
• Makokha A

• KMID: 2313901
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2016.10.1.56

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES
Despite successes recorded in combating iodine deficiency, more than 2 billion people are still at risk of iodine deficiency disorders. Rural landlocked and mountainous areas of developing countries are the hardest hit, hence the need to explore and advance novel strategies such as biofortification.
SUBJECTS/METHODS
We evaluated adoption, purchase, and consumption of iodine biofortified vegetable legumes (IBVL) using the theory of protection motivations (PMT) integrated with an economic valuation technique. A total of 1,200 participants from three land-locked locations in East Africa were recruited via multi-stage cluster sampling, and data were collected using two, slightly distinct, questionnaires incorporating PMT constructs. The survey also elicited preferences for iodine biofortified foods when offered at a premium or discount. Determinants of protection motivations and preferences for iodine biofortified foods were assessed using path analysis modelling and two-limit Tobit regression, respectively.
RESULTS
Knowledge of iodine, iodine-health link, salt iodization, and biofortification was very low, albeit lower at the household level. Iodine and biofortification were not recognized as nutrient and novel approaches, respectively. On the other hand, severity, fear, occupation, knowledge, iodine status, household composition, and self-efficacy predicted the intention to consume biofortified foods at the household level; only vulnerability, self-efficacy, and location were the most crucial elements at the school level. In addition, results demonstrated a positive willingness-to-pay a premium or acceptance of a lesser discount for biofortification. Furthermore, preference towards iodine biofortified foods was a function of protection motivations, severity, vulnerability, fear, response efficacy, response cost, knowledge, iodine status, gender, age. and household head.
CONCLUSIONS
Results lend support for prevention of iodine deficiency in unprotected populations through biofortification; however 'threat' appraisal and socio-economic predictors are decisive in designing nutrition interventions and stimulating uptake of biofortification. In principle, the contribution is threefold: 1) Successful application of the integrated model to guide policy formulation; 2) Offer guidance to stakeholders to identify and tap niche markets; 3) stimulation of rural economic growth around school feeding programmes.

Keyword

Biofortification; iodine; protection motivations; iodine deficiency; food preference

MeSH Terms

Africa, Eastern
Child*
Developing Countries
Economic Development
Fabaceae*
Family Characteristics
Food Preferences
Hand
Humans
Intention
Iodine*
Micronutrients*
Occupations
Vegetables*
Iodine
Micronutrients

Figure

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  Fig. 1 PMT Model for analyzing consumer oriented stakeholders

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  Fig. 2 Indicate knowledge and average consumption of foods rich in iodine. The level of knowledge influenced PMT responses, knowledge about deficiency, consumption of iodine, and information about available alternates (iodine biofortified).

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