Nutr Res Pract.  2011 Jun;5(3):205-213.

Exercise training and selenium or a combined treatment ameliorates aberrant expression of glucose and lactate metabolic proteins in skeletal muscle in a rodent model of diabetes

• Kim SS
• Koo JH
• Kwon IS
• Oh YS
• Lee SJ
• Kim EJ
• Kim WK
• Lee J
• Cho JY

Abstract

Exercise training (ET) and selenium (SEL) were evaluated either individually or in combination (COMBI) for their effects on expression of glucose (AMPK, PGC-1alpha, GLUT-4) and lactate metabolic proteins (LDH, MCT-1, MCT-4, COX-IV) in heart and skeletal muscles in a rodent model (Goto-Kakisaki, GK) of diabetes. Forty GK rats either remained sedentary (SED), performed ET, received SEL, (5 micromol/kg body wt(-1)/day(-1)) or underwent both ET and SEL treatment for 6 wk. ET alone, SEL alone, or COMBI resulted in a significant lowering of lactate, glucose, and insulin levels as well as a reduction in HOMA-IR and AUC for glucose relative to SED. Additionally, ET alone, SEL alone, or COMBI increased glycogen content and citrate synthase (CS) activities in liver and muscles. However, their effects on glycogen content and CS activity were tissue-specific. In particular, ET alone, SEL alone, or COMBI induced upregulation of glucose (AMPK, PGC-1alpha, GLUT-4) and lactate (LDH, MCT-1, MCT-4, COX-IV) metabolic proteins relative to SED. However, their effects on glucose and lactate metabolic proteins also appeared to be tissue-specific. It seemed that glucose and lactate metabolic protein expression was not further enhanced with COMBI compared to that of ET alone or SEL alone. These data suggest that ET alone or SEL alone or COMBI represent a practical strategy for ameliorating aberrant expression of glucose and lactate metabolic proteins in diabetic GK rats.

Keyword

Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats; exercise training; selenium; MCT-1; MCT-4

MeSH Terms

Animals
Area Under Curve
Citrate (si)-Synthase
Glucose
Glycogen
Heart
Insulin
Lactic Acid
Liver
Muscle, Skeletal
Muscles
Proteins
Rats
Rodentia
Selenium
Up-Regulation
Citrate (si)-Synthase
Glucose
Glycogen
Insulin
Lactic Acid
Proteins
Selenium

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Effect of exercise training (ET) and selenium (SEL) treatment on glucose responses. Glucose responses during an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) in diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats after ET, chronic treatment SEL, or SEL combined with exercise training (COMBI). Values are means ± SEs of six animals/group. aP < 0.05 vs. SED; bP < 0.05 vs. ET; cP < 0.05 vs. SEL; dP < 0.05 vs. COMBI.

• 

  Fig. 2 Effects of exercise training (ET), chronic treatment with selenium (SEL), or SEL combined with exercise training (COMBI) on glycogen content (A) and citrate synthase (CS) activity (B) in diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. Values are means ± SEs of six animals/group. aP < 0.05 vs. SED; bP < 0.05 vs. ET; cP < 0.05 vs. SEL; dP < 0.05 vs. COMBI.

• 

  Fig. 3 Effects of exercise training (ET), chronic treatment with selenium (SEL), or selenium combined with exercise training (COMBI) on p-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/AMPK ratio, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT-4) protein level in the soleus (A) and plantaris muscles (B) of diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. Values are means ± SEs of six animals/group. aP < 0.05 vs. SED; bP < 0.05 vs. ET; cP < 0.05 vs. SEL; dP < 0.05 vs. COMBI.

• 

  Fig. 4 Effects of exercise training (ET), chronic treatment with selenium (SEL), or selenium combined with exercise training (COMBI) on lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1), and MCT-4 protein level in the soleus (A) and plantaris muscle (B) of diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. Values are means ± SEs of six animals/group. aP < 0.05 vs. SED; bP < 0.05 vs. ET; cP < 0.05 vs. SEL; dP < 0.05 vs. COMBI.

• 

  Fig. 5 Effects of exercise training (ET), chronic treatment with selenium (SEL), or selenium combined with exercise training (COMBI) on mitochondrial (mt) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT-1), and cytochrome oxidase IV (COX- IV) protein levels in the soleus (A) and plantaris muscle (B) of diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. Values are means ± SEs of six animals/group. aP < 0.05 vs. SED; bP < 0.05 vs. ET; cP < 0.05 vs. SEL; dP < 0.05 vs. COMBI.

• 

  Fig. 6 Effects of exercise training (ET), chronic treatment with selenium (SEL), or selenium combined with exercise training (COMBI) on whole (A) or mitochondrial (B) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT-1), and cytochrome oxidase IV (COX- IV) protein levels in cardiac muscle of diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. Values are means ± SEs of six animals/group. aP < 0.05 vs. SED; bP < 0.05 vs. ET; cP < 0.05 vs. SEL; dP < 0.05 vs. COMBI.

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