1. Kim DH, Kim GC, Kim SH, et al. The relationship between the left atrial volume and the maximum P-wave and P-wave dispersion in patients with congestive heart failure. Yonsei Med J. 2007. 48:810–817.
2. Kose S, Aytemir K, Can I, et al. Seasonal variation of P-wave dispersion in healthy subjects. J Electrocardiol. 2002. 35:307–311.
3. Olzer N, Aytemir K, Altalar E, et al. P wave dispersion in hypertensive patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2000. 23:1859–1862.
4. Dilaveris PE, Andrikoupoulos GK, Metaxas G, et al. Effects of ischemia on P wave dispersion and maximum P wave duration during spontaneous angina episodes. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1999. 22:1640–1647.
5. Lee CK, Kim DH, Kim GC, et al. The role of P-wave from surface electrocardiography for the prediction of atrial fibrillation after coronary bypass graft surgery. Korean Circ J. 2005. 35:677–682.
6. Dilaveris PE, Gialafos EJ, Sideris SK, et al. Simple electrocardiographic markers for prediction of paroxysmal idiopathic atrial fibrillation. Am Heart J. 1998. 135:733–738.
7. Kim W, Shin DG, Hong GR, Park JS, Kim YJ, Shim BS. Signal averaged P wave dispersion: a new marker for predicting the risk of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Korean Circ J. 2002. 32:339–348.
8. Hod H, Lew AS, Keltai M, et al. Early atrial fibrillation during evolving myocardial infarction: a consequence of impaired left atrial infarction. Circulation. 1987. 75:146–150.
9. Eldar M, Canetti M, Rotstein Z, et al. Significance of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation complicating acute myocardial infarction in the thrombolytic era. Circulation. 1998. 97:965–970.
10. Pedersen OD, Bagger H, Kober L, Torp-Pedersen C. The occurrence and prognosis significance of atrial fibrillation/flutter following acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J. 1999. 20:748–754.
11. Goldberg RJ, Seeley D, Becker RC, et al. Impact of atrial fibrillation on the in-hospital and long-term survival of patients with acute myocardial infarction: a community-wide perspective. Am Heart J. 1990. 119:996–1001.
12. Behar S, Zahavi Z, Goldbourt U, Reicher-Reiss H. Long-term prognosis of patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation complicating acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J. 1992. 13:45–50.
13. Choi WG, Kim DH, Kim KC, et al. Change of the P wave duration and P wave dispersion according to treatment strategy in patients with a acute myocardial infarction. Korean J Med. 2007. 73:489–495.
14. National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation. 2002. 106:3143–3421.
15. Mahaffey KW, Granger CB, Sloan MA, et al. Risk factors for in-hospital nonhemorrhagic stroke in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with thrombolysis. Circulation. 1998. 97:757–764.
16. Andrikopoulos G, Dilaveris PE, Richter DJ, Gialafos EJ, Synetos AG, Gialafos JE. Increased variance of P wave duration on the electrocardiogram distinguishes patients with idiopathic atrial fibrillation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2000. 23:1127–1132.
17. Aytemir K, Ozer N, Atalar E, et al. P wave dispersion on 12-lead electrocardiography in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2000. 23:1109–1112.
18. Myrianthefs MM, Shandling AH, Startt-Selvester RH, et al. Analysis of the signal-averaged P wave duration in patients with percutaneous coronary angioplasty-induced myocardial ischemia. Am J Cardiol. 1992. 70:728–732.
19. Rios JC, Schatz J, Meshel JC. P wave analysis in coronary artery disease: an electrocardiographic-angiographic and hemodynamic correlation. Chest. 1974. 66:146–150.
20. Celik T, Iyisoy A, Kursaklioglu H, et al. The comparative effects of telmisartan and ramipril on P-wave dispersion in hypertensive patients: a randomized clinical study. Clin Cardiol. 2005. 28:298–302.
21. Tuncer M, Gunes Y, Guntekin U, Gumrukcuoglu HA, Eryonucu B. Short-term effect of cilazapril and atenolol on P-wave dispersion in patients with hypertension. Adv Ther. 2008. 25:99–105.
22. Crenshaw BS, Ward SR, Granger CB, Stebbins AL, Topol EJ, Califf RM. Atrial fibrillation in the setting of acute myocardial infarction: the GUSTO-I experience. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997. 30:406–413.
23. Kim HJ, On YK, Sung JD, et al. Risk factors for predicting newonset atrial fibrillation in persons who received health screening tests. Korean Circ J. 2007. 37:609–615.