Korean J Pediatr.  2006 May;49(5):463-469. 10.3345/kjp.2006.49.5.463.

Hypernatremia and hyponatremia

• Kim DU

• KMID: 2278546
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2006.49.5.463

Abstract

Sodium is the major cation of the extracellular fluid and the primary determinant of extracellular osmolality. Therefore, hypernatremia causes water movement out of cells, while hyponatremia causes water movement into cells, resulting in cellular shrinkage and cellular swelling, respectively. Serious central nervous system symptoms may complicate both conditions. Since hypernatremia and hyponatremia are accompanied by abnormalities in water balance, it is essential to understand the mechanisms regulating extracellular osmolality and volume as well as the pathophysiology of hypernatremia and hyponatremia, in order to manage both conditions with swiftness and safety.

Keyword

Hypernatremia; Hyponatremia; Osmolality; Volume; Water balance

MeSH Terms

Central Nervous System
Extracellular Fluid
Hypernatremia*
Hyponatremia*
Osmolar Concentration
Sodium
Water Movements
Sodium