J Adv Prosthodont.  2013 Nov;5(4):374-381. 10.4047/jap.2013.5.4.374.

Effect of alendronate on bone remodeling around implant in the rat

• Park R
• Kim JH
• Choi H
• Park YB
• Jung HS
• Moon HS

• KMID: 2176523
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4047/jap.2013.5.4.374

Abstract

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of alendronates on bone remodeling around titanium implant in the maxilla of rats.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The maxillary first molars were extracted and customized-titanium implants were placed immediately in thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were divided into experimental (bisphosphonate) group and control group. At 4 weeks after implantation, the rats in the bisphosphonate group were subcutaneously injected with alendronate three times a week for 6 weeks where as the rats in control group were injected with saline. The rats were sacrificed at 1, 2, 3, 4, or 6 weeks after starting of injection and maxillary bones were collected subsequently. Alveolar bone remodeling around the implants were evaluated by radiographic and histologic analysis. Microarray analysis and immunohistomorphologic analysis were also performed on one rat, sacrificed at 6 weeks after starting of injection, from each group. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated measures analysis of variance and independent t test at a significance level of 5%.
RESULTS
There was no statistically significant difference in the bone area (%) around implant between the bisphosphonate group and the control group. However, the amount of empty lacuna was significantly increased in the bisphosphonate group, especially in the rats sacrificed at 4 weeks after starting of injection compared to that of the corresponding control group. The bisphosphonate group showed the same level of TRAP positive cell count, osteocalcin and angiopoietin 1 as the control group.
CONCLUSION
Alendronate may not decrease the amount of osteoclast. However, the significantly increased amount of empty lacuna in the bisphosphonate group may explain the suppression of bone remodeling in the bisphosphonate group.

Keyword

Alendronate; Bone remodeling; Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw; Empty lacuna; Implant; Jaw

MeSH Terms

Alendronate*
Angiopoietin-1
Animals
Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
Bone Remodeling*
Cell Count
Humans
Jaw
Male
Maxilla
Microarray Analysis
Molar
Osteocalcin
Osteoclasts
Rats*
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Titanium
Alendronate
Angiopoietin-1
Osteocalcin
Titanium

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Experimental design.

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  Fig. 2 Customized mini implant used for this study.

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  Fig. 3 The interested area in the distal side of implant surface.

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  Fig. 4 Measurement of bone area (%) in distal side of implant (Cont: control group, Bispho: experimental group)

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  Fig. 5 Empty lacuna count in H&E stained section (×100). White arrows indicate empty lacunas. (A) Control group of 4-week administration of saline, (B) Bisphosphonate group of 4-week administration of bisphosphonate.

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  Fig. 6 Empty lacuna cell count: Asterisk (*) indicates statistically significant difference between control group and bisphosphonate group (Cont: control group, Bispho: experimental group).

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  Fig. 7 Histologic images of TRAP stained sections (×100). White arrows indicate TRAP positive cells. (A) bisphosphonate group/1 week, (B) bisphosphonate group/6 week.

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  Fig. 8 TRAP positive cell count (Cont: control group, Bispho: experimental group).

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  Fig. 9 Immnohistochemical staining of angiopoietin 1 (×200). White arrows indicate stained angiopoietin 1 (Cont: control group, Bispho: experimental group).

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  Fig. 10 Immunohistochemical staining of osteocalcin (×200). White arrows indicate cytoplasm of osteoblast and margin of remodeling cavity (Cont: control group, Bispho: experimental group).

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